Personal marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal marketing plan - Essay Example I have a proven track record on time consciousness selflessness and innovation from voluntary service as an intern. I have served as an intern, and I have fresh skills gained from this assignment and university in the field of Information System. I have a competitive edge by my capability to work in any kind of environment, however challenging. Apart from my major skill in Information System, I have a strong blend of other skills and competencies in the field of computer science that are Microsoft office, Power Point, excel and ExtendSim. My knowledge spectrum is widened to the field of business information system. This is a life-long learner that would enjoy using his skills in information technology to turn around the threats facing your organization into business opportunities. I have strong skills in strategic planning and forecasting which gives me a competitive advantage. I study at the University of Indianapolis in the school of business where I major in Information System. I am due to graduate in the year 2017. I have at the moment attended three classes in Information Technology. I have studied basic computer skills to blend with Information System. I have skills in Microsoft office, excel, Power Point and ExtendSim. I have management skills especially strategic planning and organizing. In the current world, there is a trend towards advancement of technology to make production more efficient. I target to serve in an organization that will build me in terms of my career development. This organization should be operating in the field of information, communications and technology or technology services, Management Information System, computer Hardware and software organization, data management and processing consultancy firms. I also target to work in the business sector as the database manager on consumer or customer

Importance of Books in Individual Life Essay Example for Free

Importance of Books in Individual Life Essay There is a well-defined comfort for those who visit book stores and libraries. The books are there like faithful friends waiting to be called upon, read, valued, and appreciated. Let us not also forget, however, the joy and anticipation when visiting used book stores. They are everywhere, and they all tell a story; but not only from within the pages. They have a history; they came from somewhere; they are going somewhere. If everyone who ever had possession of any given book had written their name, the city or town in which they obtained the book, the purchase price, and the date thereof, consider what an incredible account would exist about the adventures of just one book. To realize that a book may have traveled through numerous hands and a century of time is a fascinating and exciting concept. Just imagine the many lives it may have touched. With the pages perhaps yellowed, thick and dusty, or thin and delicate, the word is still alive and just as profound and beautiful as it was when it was created so long ago. Whether fictional or nonfictional, there can be derived a value, relevancy, and importance to the book. For example, consider a book written in 1918 on the history of Poland. Much could be learned about the country and the author’s perspective. But also consider what the author could not have known about the country’s future at the time of writing. It is a study in itself. It not only gives a story of Poland but an idea of how much things have changed since the book’s publication. Nothing can or should replace the book; not the internet or any other popular electronic devices. Consider the rudimentary and necessary efforts involved in the editing and critiquing of a book before it goes into print. Can the same be said for the deluge of information available on the World Wide Web on any given topic? Is the information being scrutinized to assure accuracy or grammatical correctness? Is too much being placed on the web that will only create more confusion and misinformation on any given topic? Appreciate the physical aspects. Turning the page of a book does less damage to the wrist than dragging and clicking. If a book is read through an electronic device, there is the memory of it, but not a physical reminder. For example, there is no book to place on a shelf, nothing to return to the library, or no book to pass on to a used book store. There is an undeniable feel to a book, to its texture, to an interesting cover and enticing title that invites the reader to open it. There is a sense of accomplishment as the reader makes his or her way, page after page and chapter after chapter. And at book’s end the reader will recall the intrigue, joy, and passion for beloved characters, their story, and a conclusion that may hone the reflective nature and spur the reader to seek more of the same. Books are as important now as they were during the dark ages when all stories of experiences and places would have been lost had it not been for the dedicated and devoted people who penned them onto parchment or labored over a manual typewriter.

The Concept of Mentorship Essay -- Health Care, Nursing

In the following assignment the author will critically explore, discuss, reflect upon and evaluate mentorship within clinical nursing placements. With particular reference to learning disabilities and respite care, the author will look at the needs and benefits of mentorship, as well as the problems and constraints, especially being in such a specialised service. The author will explore the area of orientation, looking at why it is such an important aspect of the whole placement area. Once these aspects have been explored, the author will go on to discuss the placement, the problems that have been encountered throughout and the ways in which these can be addressed effectively, to ensure that they are reduced and expelled as much as possible. Any names and places used throughout the assignment have been changed to ensure anonymity and maintain confidentiality at all times, adhering to data protection. The concept of mentorship was originally introduced in the 1970s in America. It was fully embraced and bought over to the UK as a formal support system in the late 1980s (Learning Disability Practice, 2006, 9, 3, 16-18). At that time, nursing was predominately carried out by females. It was these females that identified the lack of, and need of a formal support system within the profession. The role of mentorship has been explored by many authors and theorists since the introduction of it into the nursing profession. In 1982, Zwolski stated that 'mentorship is seen as a broader, longer term relationship, aimed at guiding the student towards an established place in the profession'. This was later backed up by Armitage and Burnard in 1991, arguing that 'a deeper understanding of the role and functions associated with a ... ...iable. (www.NursingTimes.net 2008) Under the NMC guidelines, standards to support learning and assessment (2006), all nurses must mentor at least 2 students every 3 years. However not all nurses have acquired the knowledge, skills and attributes required to be an effective mentor. (NMC 2006). The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) discovered that the main reason for a student to have an inadequate placement is the lack of access to mentors, due to sickness, annual leave or other reasons. This consequently leads to a lack of consistency when setting goals, reviewing progress and assessing learning objectives at the final interview (RCN). Other reasons include short staffing – leading to overstretched staff not having time for students, being left to learn for themselves, thus meaning students aren't given the opportunities to learn and expand upon their experiences.

Orphanages in America

Issue: Whether the United States’ policy shift away from institutional care is warranted given the benefits it provides. Description: The stigma associated with orphanages has lead policymakers in the United States to discourage the use of these institutional care facilities. The Social Security Act of 1935 authorized the first federal grants for child welfare services. Since then, the federal government has continued to encourage states to adopt Foster Care as their main child welfare system.The policies encouraging Foster Care are in large part due to the government’s recognition that the nuclear family is a superior model for child development. This, coupled with the traditionally negative view of children being raised in group homes, has lead to many myths about institutional care and encouraged the public’s negative stereotype of these facilities. The government’s adverse position to institutional care must be disabused. It limits a form of childcare that is proven to be effective and beneficial. The reasons and history behind the government’s biased view of these facilities is still unclear.Orphanages offer many disadvantaged children distinct advantages over foster care, some of which are structure, stability, and a sense of permanence. Children’s homes permit siblings to stay together, afford children a chance to develop moral and religious values, encourage a sense of responsibility and work ethic, as well as much needed education and job-related skills. There is great potential for orphanages to meet the needs of the many children who currently languish for years in the modern foster care system.It is time for policymakers to recognize the distinct advantages institutional care can provide. Sources: Barth, R. P. (2002). Institutions vs. Foster Homes: The Empirical Base for the Second Century of Debate. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC, School of Social Work, Jordan Institute for Families Carp, E. Wayne, Orphanages: The St rength and Weakness of a Macroscopic View Second Home: Orphan Asylums and Poor Families in America by Timothy A. Hacsi. Reviews in American History, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Mar. , 1999), pp. 105-111. The Johns Hopkins University Press) Article Stable URL: http://0www. jstor. org. aquinas. avemarialaw. edu/stable/30031010 Dozier, M. , Zeanah, C. H. , Wallin, A. R. and Shauffer, C. (2012), Institutional Care for Young Children: Review of Literature and Policy Implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 6:Â  1–25. doi:Â  10. 1111/j. 1751-2409. 2011. 01033. x Levesque, Roger J. R. , The Failures of Foster Care Reform: Revolutionizing the Most Radical Blueprint, 6 Md. J. Contemp. Legal Issues 1, 35 (1995)Nurith Zmora, Orphanages Reconsidered: Child Care Institutions in Progressive Era Baltimore (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994) McKenzie, R. B. (Ed. ) (1999). Rethinking orphanages for the 21st century. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Whetten, K. , Ostermann, J. , Whetten, R. A. , Pence, B. W. , O’Donnell, K. , Messer, L. C. , . . . & The Positive Outcomes for Orphans Research Team (2009). A comparison of the wellbeing of orphans and abandoned children ages 6–12 in institutional and community-based care settings? in 5 less wealthy nations. PLoS ONE, 4, e8169. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0008169.

Ict Evaluation Essay

QUIZ NAVIGATION 1 8 2 9 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 Thursday, 5 September 2013, 12:38 PM Thursday, 5 September 2013, 01:04 PM 26 mins 35 secs 20.00/30.00 3.33 out of a maximum of 5.00 (67%) Question 1 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Finish review ESSs are designed to incorporate data about external events, but they also draw summarized information from internal MIS and DSS. Select one: True False Question 2 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question The tool that enables users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions is Select one: a. predictive analysis. b. SQL. c. OLAP. d. data mining. Question 3 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Which of the following is not one of the techniques used in Web mining? Select one: a. content mining b. structure mining c. usage mining d. user mining Question 4 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Duplicate data in multiple data files is called data ________. Select one: a. redundancy b. repetition c. independence d. partitions Question 5 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question In object-oriented development Select one: a. the class is used as the basic unit of systems analysis and design. b. an object is a collection of data  that is acted on by external processes. c. processing logic resides within objects. d. a strict, step-by-step development process is essential. Question 6 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Which of the following is not a driving force for change in a company’s technological infrastructure? Select one: a. The introduction of disruptive applications. b. Organizational change within the company. c. The normal continuing growth of application traffic demand. d. All of the above are driving forces for change. Question 7 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 A data warehouse is typically comprised of several smaller data marts. Select one: True http://moodle.cqu.edu.au/mod/quiz/review.php?attempt=313262 5/09/2013 Quiz 2 Page 2 of 5 Flag question False Question 8 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Management information systems typically support nonroutine decision making. Select one: True False Question 9 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Categories of tools for BPM include all of the following except Select one: a. tools to integrate existing systems to support business processes improvements. b. tools to automate business processes. c. tools to identify and document business processes. d. tools to test the security of business processes. Question 10 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question After performing what-is analysis, it is generally a good idea to perform gaps analysis. Select one: a. True. b. False. Question 11 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question The systems development life cycle includes the operation of a system after its creation. Select one: a. True. b. False. Question 12 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question A multiplexed line’s throughput is ________. Select one: a. individual throughput b. aggregate throughput Question 13 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Object-oriented development could potentially reduce the time and cost of writing software because Select one: a. object-oriented programming requires less training. b. iterative prototyping is not required. c. objects are reusable. d. a single user interface object can be used for the entire application. Question 14 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Unit testing Select one: a. includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system. b. tests the functioning of the system as a whole in order to determine if discrete modules will function together as planned. c. tests each program separately. d. provides the final  certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting. Question 15 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Which process develops a detailed description of the functions that a new information system must perform? Select one: a. feasibility study b. requirements analysis c. systems design d. test plan development http://moodle.cqu.edu.au/mod/quiz/review.php?attempt=313262 5/09/2013 Quiz 2 Page 3 of 5 Question 16 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Which of the following types of collaboration tools allows you to communicate with avatars using text messaging? Select one: a. virtual worlds b. screen sharing c. collaborative writing d. large audience Webinars Question 17 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Deprovisioning may be necessary when ________. Select one: a. a user joins a project team b. a user leaves the company entirely c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B Question 18 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question As a technical project manager you have decided to propose implementing a prototyping methodology for a small Web-based design project. What is the order of steps you will follow in this project? Select one: a. Develop the prototype; use the prototype; revise and enhance the prototype. b. Identify user requirements, develop the prototype, use the prototype, revise and  enhance the prototype. c. Define the requirements, develop solutions, select the best prototype, and implement the prototype. d. Define the requirements, develop the prototype, revise and enhance the prototype. Question 19 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question ________ is the percentage of time that a network is available for use. Select one: a. Downtime b. Availability c. Individual throughput d. None of the above. Question 20 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question ________ systems integrate supplier, manufacturer, distributor, and customer logistics processes. Select one: a. Collaborative distribution b. Supply-chain management c. Reverse logistics d. Enterprise planning Question 21 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Functional systems that support business processes within a single functional group, such as human resources, are being phased out in favor of cross-functional systems. Select one: True False Question 22 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question A Skype conference call using VOIP and webcams is an example of a remote, synchronous collaboration tool. Select one: True False Question 23 Correct The primary tool for representing a system’s component processes and the flow of data between them is the http://moodle.cqu.edu.au/mod/quiz/review.php?attempt=313262 5/09/2013 Quiz 2 Page 4 of 5 Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Select one: a. data dictionary. b. process specifications diagram. c. user documentation. d. data flow diagram. Question 24 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Data cleansing is the same process as data scrubbing. Select one: True False Question 25 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Downtime is the percentage of time that a network is available for use. Select one: a. True. b. False. Question 26 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question The specialized language programmers use to add and change data in the database is called Select one: a. a data access language. b. a data manipulation language. c. Structured Query Language. d. a data definition language. Question 27 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question The use of digital technology and the Internet to execute the major business processes in the enterprise is called Select one: a. e-commerce. b. e-business. c. enterprise applications. d. MIS. Question 28 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Which of the following statements about collaboration is not true? Select one: a. In business, a collaboration can last as little as a few minutes. b. Business collaboration relies on the formation of teams that are assigned a specific task or goal. c. Successful collaboration can be achieved through technology regardless of the organization’s culture or structure. d. One business benefit of collaboration is improved innovation. Question 29 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Firms generally make their own routers and switches, rather than purchasing them. Select one: a. True. b. False. Question 30 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question A characteristic or quality describing an entity is called a(n) Select one: a. field. b. tuple. c. key field. d. attribute. http://moodle.cqu.edu.au/mod/quiz/review.php?attempt=313262 5/09/2013 Quiz 2 Page 5 of 5 Finish review You are logged in as Vikram Ravindar Vikram Ravindar (Logout) COIT20228_2132 http://moodle.cqu.edu.au/mod/quiz/review.php?attempt=313262 5/09/2013

Fatal Flaw essays

Fatal Flaw essays A "fatal flaw," is a trait of a character that is a weakness and leads the character to his downfall. The play Julius Caesar, written by William Shakespeare, shows this concept of a "fatal flaw." This play speaks about a militant general who gained power after winning many wars, and believed he could become emperor of the Roman republic. Roman Generals feared Caesar was becoming too popular among the Romans and Rome was bound to be his. They decided to take matters into their own hands, even if it meant the death of a great hero. Julius Caesar, a powerful and brilliant general, was under the influence of ignoring numerous warnings from friends and relatives who knew what was best. One example of this was when Caesar receives a warning from a soothsayer to beware of the Ides of March. Caesar feared the soothsayers message, but he showed himself to the public as if he wasnt afraid of anything. Another example was when Caesars wife had nightmares of people on fire and beasts roaming the streets. This meant that Caesar was going to be murdered and shouldnt go to the senate house. Caesar decides to go to the senate house; He believed that the senate was going to make him king that day. Caesar received various omens to take precautions before stepping outside, but he didnt listen. Fate caused Caesar to be stubborn, and once he let his guard down he was assassinated. Marcus Brutus, an important judge of Rome is portrayed as a character that is easily influenced by another mans word. One example of this is when Cassius flatters Brutus and sends him letters pleading that Brutus should strike Caesar down. These actions manipulate Brutus to believe Caesar must be murdered, or else Rome will crumble under his kingship. Brutus was gullible and fell into Cassiuss trap by taking part in the conspiracy. A second example of this is at the funeral of Caesar. Brutus is the first to give his speech on b...

E-Commerce Strategies for Airasia Essays

E-Commerce Strategies for Airasia Essays E-Commerce Strategies for Airasia Essay E-Commerce Strategies for Airasia Essay AIR ASIA E-COMMERCE STRATEGIES Low cost per average seat kilometer AirAsia focused on ensuring a competitive cost structure as its main business strategy. It has been able to achieve a cost per average seat kilometer (ASK) of 2. 5 cents, half that of Malaysia Airlines and Ryanair and a third that of EasyJet. AirAsia can lease the B737-300s aircraft at a very competitive market rates due to the harsh global market conditions for the second-hand aircrafts because of the September 11th event in 2001. Low distribution cost AirAsia focus on Internet bookings and ticketless travel allowed it to lower the distribution cost. Attractive ticket price With the average fare being 40-60% lower than its full-service competitor, AirAsia has been able to achieve strong market stimulation in the domestic Malaysia air market (Thomas 2003). For instance, the fare for the trip from Kuala Lumpur to Penang on AirAsia starts from 39 ringgit. Comparing to trip by bus charge 40 ringgit and 80 ringgit by car. The effect of attractive low fare is more travelers switching from bus to air, similar case as Ryanair in Europe. Good Management Team AirAsia value proposition is more sophisticated than Ryanair placing equal emphasis on brand reputation and customer service/people management, by a senior advisor to AirAsia’s top management team. AirAsia pursue a Ryanair operational strategy, Southwest people strategy and an EsyJet branding stategy. AirAsia is the best organizations among others s because of their :- Xpress Boarding AirAsia practices a free seating policy. This policy has enabled them to consistently achieve a turnaround time of 25 minutes for all of their flights. They now offer, as an option, the choice of seats through Xpress Boarding. Xpress boarding allows guests to board on aircraft first, and choose a seat of their liking-be it a window seat, asle seat, front of aircraft or next to the lavatory. This service has proven to be exceptionally popular for time hungry business people, corporate employees on business trips, and families travelling together. Web Check-in For a seamless, quick and convenient check-in, We B Check-in was introduced to enable those travelling without luggage. Guess may simply check-in via thewebpage from the comfort of their homes of office, print out their boarding pass and proceed to the airport at their leisure. Self Check-in Kiosk Self Check-in also available. Their fiery red kiosks are located at the LCC Terminal, KLIA to enable a self check-in with a touch of the screen. E-Gift Voucher The E-Gift Voucher is an innovative gift for all occasions as well as being a much-appreciated to corporate gift for its high-perceived value. Since its launch, the E-Gift Voucher has proven itself to be a popular choice for those who want to present imaginative gifts. MALAYSIA AIRLINES E-COMMERCE STRATEGIES E-Freight Program The e-Freight Partnership Program of MASkargo is a strategic e-commerce framework that aims to develop a paperless environment that will enable collaboration among various key players of the logistic industry to adopt electronic channels as the way of transacting business processes with each other. MASkargo Pioneers the Use of the FPX System MASkargo was recently recognized as one of the early adopters for Malaysias first real time online inter-bank Internet payment gateway, Financial Process Exchange (FPX). FPX, a national project, facilitates online payments for e-commerce transactions in particular B2B and B2C (business to business and business to consumer) transactions on a secure and multi-bank platform. E-Commerce E-Commerce encompasses all business operations and transactions based on communication via the electronic media. The major activity includes e-Bookings e-Tracking e-Schedules e-Air Waybill Stock Distribution -Air Waybill Submission e-Invoicing Payment Malaysia Airlines’ needs Malaysia Airlines, having a clear idea about what it wanted  to achieve with the P SS programmed, divided the workload into five streams: Reservations -Anew, more efficient and functionally rich system, to meet todays industry standard sand requirements. E-Commerce-Allowing  Malaysia Airlines to reduce  distribution cos ts by providing a  convenient, easy to use Internet Booking  Engine. E-Ticketing and DCS-Moving from traditional paper toe-tickets by May 2008, in line with IA TAs requirements. This included an upgraded Departure Control System so that  Malaysia Airlines could offer new  self-service options to passengers, including kiosk and web check-in. Revenue Integrity-To authenticate every booking ensuring it produces an actual passenger upon departure, avoiding the revenue leakage which occurred in the past. Fares Management-To enable Malaysia Airlines  to distribute fares more efficiently around the world and to improve pr  icing decisions. A critical success  factor was the ability to integrate all five  work streams with other existing systems in place throughout Malaysia Airlines. SITA’s solution in a first for the  region, and with a contract worth more than US$80million over a ten-year  period, SITA has been undertaking a comprehensive overhaul of Malaysia Airlines existing passenger applications and services, covering the five work streams -reservations, e-commerce, ticketing and departure control, revenue integrity and fares management. To date, SITA has met the needs of Malaysia Airlines  by implementing several Horizon solution components including: Implementing SITA Ticketing and DCS around existing passenger applications, saving  Malaysia Airlines  millions of dollars. Re-engineering  Malaysia Airlines fares strategy, including fares workflow, competitive monitoring, and effective distribution, which has been critical  to the outstanding success achieved with e-commerce. Implementing revenue integrity and revenue protection, enabling Malaysia  Airlines to prevent the waste of over 120,000  segments in a single quarter  at the beginning of 2008-equating to improved inventory management with significant cost savings and revenue upside. FIREFLY E-COMMERCE STRATEGIES In buying up Firefly Network, Microsoft did more than feather its nest with a set of bleeding-edge consumer privacy technologies. It also struck a critical blow to arch rival Netscape by effectively sinking that companys online e-commerce strategy. Firefly has been developing a privacy plug-in that would have injected Communicator 5 with the necessary technology to support the Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) specification. While DesAutels said that Netscape had been relying on the Firefly plug-in, other sources, both at Netscape and within the P3P working group. The Firefly acquisition is cool for the industry as long as Microsoft doesnt step in the way and make it hard for them to work with Firefly this is an area where people will see some cooperation between Microsoft and Netscape. P3P and a related technology, Open Profiling Specification, provide a means for Web sites and consumers to seamlessly exchange preferences about what personal information such as age and ZIP code is exchanged over the Internet. The  P3P specification  is expected to be declared a standard by the World Wide Web Consortium by next month, and is poised to become an essential aspect of all Web transactions, including shopping. But the latest Microsoft deal has sent Netscape back to square one. Thats because P3P is very difficult to implement in a browser, and Firefly engineers were clearly leading the industry in that regard. They have creating a technology that is extremely difficult to implement. [The Netscape-Firefly plug-in] would have put Netscape back on par with the industry for privacy and e-commerce, and data exchange. Firefly has a collaborative filtering engine that can suggest products based on a users likes and dislikes. But Microsoft already owns a similar filtering engine, in the form of the Personalization Services features built into the companys Sidewalk city guides. What attracted Microsoft to Firefly was the technology Firefly had been developing for both Netscape and Explorer a dynamic content engine that would make the proposed P3P standard interoperable with Web sites. The acquisition was made by Microsofts Web Essentials group, which includes Microsoft Network, Sidewalk, Expedia, Hotmail, and the forthcoming Start portal service which mimics the Web gateway strategy adopted by many search-engine companies and Redmonds plans for P3P extend well beyond its Explorer browser. In March, Netscape told Wired News that the P3P/OPS technology was critical to its e-commerce plans, especially given growing pressure from the Federal Trade Commission for the Web-commerce industry to regulate itself with technological rather than legislative solutions to protect consumers. While DesAutels suggested that few other vendors were developing P3P solutions, an active member of the P3P working group said that Netscape would likely not be adversely affected by the Firefly acquisition. The Firefly acquisition gives Microsoft a greater stake in  Information and Content Exchange  (ICE), a proposed protocol for the automatic, controlled exchange and management of online assets between business partners. ICE is an embryonic technology being developed by Adobe, Firefly, JavaSoft, Microsoft, National Semiconductor, and Vignette, and a number of content publishers. A key technology under development at Firefly and destined for a W3C standards track, ICE will help establish standards for Web sites to communicate with each other, paving the way for online superstores and new reseller channels. Now, with a heavy stake in ICE, Microsoft has a leg up over Netscape in future e-commerce development. Netscapes whole e-commerce strategy, a large portion was now they have a client that speaks ICE, uses certificates for identity, includes an OPS/P3P client for exchanging info.

How to Develop Verbal Interview Skills that Win the Job

How to Develop Verbal Interview Skills that Win the Job Say there are three candidates coming in to interview for an open position. Candidate #1 has a great resume, lots of experience. But she starts out nervous, fidgets, and tells rambling stories that get far away from the original question. About halfway through, she gets rather quiet (despair at the fizzling interview or just not knowing enough about the topics at hand?). She uses phrases like I guess I’m looking to leverage my experience, and the word uh pops up a lot.Candidate #2 has a solid resume, maybe a little light on experience. He starts out a little nervous, but makes it a point to tell specific, targeted stories about his experience, and uses a lot of good words: high-performing, solving problems, uniquely suited.Candidate #3 has an admittedly weak resume with little experience, but comes in with a bang. Strong handshake, eye contact that would make a bear stand down, and a slick, rehearsed answer for every question. In fact, it’s so rehearsed you can’t even tell what’s real from what might be fudged. She uses words like: phenomenal and no weaknesses. You’d probably buy a used car from her, but is she right for this job?So which one takes it? It could very well be #2, even without a perfect resume–because candidate #2 gives good interview. From this brief outline, it’s clear that candidate #1 squanders her good resume (which likely got her in the door) with a weak verbal performance in the interview. It’s possible the strength of her resume could get her another crack via a second interview, but you can’t count on a second chance. Candidate #3 comes off as too much. Too slick, too glib, too many bells and whistles that could be covering up serious deficiencies. Candidate #2 comes in just right, Goldilocks-style. Even if his resume may not have been as accomplished as #1’s, he uses his verbal skills to sell himself (without overselling like #3).Bottom line: your words matter, as does how you present them. You can spend all the time in the world fine-tuning your resume so that you look amazing on paper, but if you can’t back that up when it comes time to meet the hiring manager and perform, then you might well have talked your way out of a job you could have had. It’s so important to make sure that your interview persona includes strong, appropriate language, and that you’re expressing things clearly and professionally.Let’s walk through some of the most important talking points of an interview, and how to approach them.Be Honest- or At Least SEEM HonestEveryone has â€Å"tells† when they’re lying. Maybe you get an ever-so-subtle tic at the corner of your eyelid. Maybe you suddenly feel the need to fiddle with your watch. Whatever it is, if you’re less than truthful in a job interview, there’s a good chance that you’ve also tipped off your interviewer. A lot of tics and nervous reactions can be passe d off as nerves, but once there’s a whiff of dishonesty, that’s very hard to shake in an interview. Before the interview, try to get a handle on your verbal mannerisms, and practice giving interview-style answers without them.Part of this is making sure you appear genuine. If you agree with everything the interviewer says, or gloss over specifics with phrases like â€Å"I totally got this,† it comes off as glib- and maybe covering for other issues.If you claim expertise in something, be prepared to back it up with specifics. And if you’re going to exaggerate, make sure it’s in something that isn’t going to be apparent right away.If you put on your resume that you’re fluent in German, be prepared to make small talk with someone who just happened to spend a semester in Berlin.If you have something on your resume that you’re really trying to get around (read: a firing or performance issue), try not to outright lie about it. Even i f you successfully sell a lie to the interviewer, you risk being tripped up numerous other ways, like a background check or the interviewer just happening to know someone at your old company. If you’re asked directly about something unpleasant, don’t come up with excuses- those always sound hollow. Explain that things didn’t work out, and what you learned from the experience.Dishonesty or general dodginess will almost always be a dealbreaker, so it’s important to do everything you can to come across as an honest, forthright candidate who’s just right for this role.Like, Y’know, MannerismsThe biggest problem with verbal tics and mannerisms (like, y’know, uh, umm) is that we don’t always realize we’re doing it. So how to fix it? Practicing your repertoire of interview stories helps, as does slowing your speech down a bit.Knowing your conversational mannerisms helps too. Sit down with a trusted friend, and ask about whether they’ve noticed any of these verbal issues. Or give your interview spiel, and ask for feedback. Once you know, you can work on addressing them. In an interview, these can come across as you being nervous or you not feeling comfortable with what you’re saying, so you want to do everything you can to limit those unintentional habits.This applies to other bad habits, too, like apologizing for everything. Or using words like totally that express very little. [via Rymax Inc.]Taboo TopicsSome topics are just not appropriate for a job interview, and likely never will be. These are the conversational areas you should definitely avoid:Controversial TopicsReligion and politics are a no-go. Think Drumpf is going to Make Donald Drumpf Again? Enjoy shouting from the rooftops, â€Å"I’m with her† while wearing your best Hillary t-shirt? Doesn’t matter. Your party affiliation, and your political opinions stay checked at the door (or in your private Twitter feed) . Plus, you don’t want to pull the interviewer into a legal danger zone by discussing religion or other topics that they’re legally not allowed to ask you about.Personal LifeYou may well be going through a rough time, but telling the interviewer about your concerns about Fluffy McWhiskerton’s digestive issues is not only inappropriate, it’s a waste of the interviewer’s time. He or she is there to evaluate you as a potential employee, not as a concerned cat parent. If you see a picture of a cat on the interviewer’s desk, feel free to make a brief small talk comment about how you have your own furball at home, but then shift right back into go-get-‘em interview mode.Similarly, you won’t get any pity points by sharing your personal woes during the interview. In addition to being distracting, it can raise red flags about whether you’re equipped to give all of your attention to the (potential) job at hand.Complaints about Your Last JobIf you left your last job under less-than-great circumstances, or are interviewing at this new place because you just can’t stand to be in your current job anymore, none of that matters when you show up for the interview. It’s a fine line, because you’ll definitely be asked about your current or last job. You don’t have to sugarcoat anything, but don’t fall into the trap of complaining. It’s best to leave things a diplomatic and a little vague whenever possible, especially if you feel a rant coming on. And it’s best practice to never personally criticize someone, whether it’s a boss or a colleague. Remember: the interviewer is also evaluating you as a potential colleague†¦you don’t want to seem like a whiner, or worse, a behind-the-back-complainer.Questions Not to AskYou’ve heard the advice of â€Å"always go into an interview prepared with questions to ask,† right? That’s always going to be valid, but not all questions are created equally.â€Å"Are you going to do a background check?†You may or may not have shifty eyes while you’re saying this, but it’s always going to sound shady. If you’re asking about a background check, it’s probably because you’re concerned about a background check. And if you’re concerned about a background check, that’s a red flag. Even if it’s an idle question about the interview process, it will still raise an eyebrow. It’s better not to ask.â€Å"Do you monitor internet usage?†This one basically tells the interviewer that you’re looking for a cushy place to mess around, with an accessible water cooler. Sure, we all stray from our duties and find our way to Facebook during the day sometimes. But asking about it up front suggests that it’s your priority, when your priority should be the job opportunity right in front of you.â€Å"What does this job pay?†He who brings up money first, loses. (It’s an old proverb. Probably. If not, it should be.) Being the first to bring up salary makes it a lose-lose for you. Either you get a number that could have been higher later, after negotiation, or the interviewer thinks you’re too mercenary and not concentrating on how well you could do the job. Neither one is going to endear you to the interviewer. Save the money questions for the next step, when ideally you’ll be negotiating your new job offer like a pro.â€Å"What are the grounds for termination here?†Again, if you have to ask, you’re concerned about it. Think of the interview as the beginning- why would you want to talk about the end? You don’t want to raise even the smallest concern that you would be a fire-able employee.How you present yourself is such a major part of the interview process. The hiring manager already knows you look good on paper- hence the invitation to come in. Itâ €™s the same reason you dress your best and practice your handshake. Why not make sure you’re choosing and using your words and content to your best advantage? It can make you the â€Å"just right† candidate and get you to that next step: the job offer.

High end wedding Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

High end wedding Business Plan - Assignment Example The proposed business is unique in terms of meeting the needs of its clients. The proposed business firmly ensures to provide unwavering attention to its clients. The proposed business further focuses on the needs and expectations of the clients and work according to the requirements of the clients so that highest level of customer satisfaction is provided. The services of the proposed business include weddings, honeymoons, receptions, anniversary, wedding hair makeup, special event make up, musicians, entertainers and budget planning. The proposed business aims at providing the best service to each time to the clients of Houston, Texas. The objective of the proposed business is to provide top class services to clients whether it is wedding, anniversary or any other special events in order to make the experience of the clients pleasurable and memorable. Thus, the proposed business is committed towards offering services that are specially tailored according to the needs of respective couples and their families. In order to achieve the broad objectives of the proposed business, special attention will be focused upon the quality and timeliness of the services offered to the clients. The proposed business will thus, ensure that services are promptly and efficiently offered in accordance with the needs and expectations of the clients. ... The wedding industry in the United States can be recognized as an important industry that has a major impact on almost 100 other industries. The portion of contribution made by the wedding industry to the national economy is constantly increasing. Over the last few decades, the industry has witnessed significant growth in the country. However, the recent economic crisis situation in the US has dramatically influenced the growth rate of the industry. It is expected that the wedding industry in the coming years will again be able to touch new heights with rising revenue. Nonetheless, it is firmly advocated that the proposed business is required to formulate and implement suitable strategies in order to efficiently meet the rising demands of the customers. It has been ascertained that despite the recessionary situation, there has been slight increase in the number of couples getting married. It has been projected that this increasing pattern will continue in the coming years thereby pro viding significant opportunity for the wedding industry to earn and expand the proposed business. At the same time, it has been observed that the guest attending the wedding has also affected by the recession which has caused a slight reduction in their numbers. However, it is estimated that in the future years the figure shall improve. The spending of couples is also estimated to increase in the coming years. During the year 2011, it had been reported that there was slight positive shift of 1% in the total spending made by the customers in the wedding industry of the USA. At the same time, it has been ascertained that the couples in the recent times are inclined towards planed weddings as well as more couples are observed to prefer outdoor ceremonies rather than indoor

FAMILY LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

FAMILY LAW - Essay Example Prior to this act, domestic violence was dealt under the provisions of several different acts. This act supplanted them and integrated them into one act3. The previous provisions had been ambiguous, confusing and were unable to deal with all the aspects of domestic violence. They had prescribed different norms for dealing with domestic violence and were applied to a very narrow range of relationships. Different courts had delivered significantly different decisions; and there was considerable variation in the remedies applied by different courts for similar types of domestic violence. The new act did away with this confusion and disparity to a great extent4. The present situation in the UK is that an individual can be prosecuted on charges of domestic violence, through several criminal justice provisions. However, the victims of domestic violence can only invoke the family law act for remedies and civil initiatives, to get protection against such violence. The family law act is preferred by most of the women to initiate civil action against offenders5. There are two reasons for this; first, victims of domestic violence do not want to invoke criminal proceedings against such violence, because once the prosecution is under way, they will be unable to control or stop the process, which will be controlled by the police authorities, who will take decisions regarding the subsequent steps in the process6. These authorities decide whether the matter is to be brought before the Crown Prosecution Service. At this juncture, the victim cannot stop the process and there is risk of subsequent retaliation by the offender against the victim. Secondly, victims of domestic violence are generally women; and many women do not want the offender to obtain a criminal record7. Thus, most women seek non – molestation orders, which imposes restrictive measures on the perpetrator and restrain him from committing such acts in future; and

History before 1877 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History before 1877 - Essay Example Slaves who bore no rights were in high demand to provide for cheap labor. A large wave of Europeans immigrated to the United States of America in the 19th century (Wolff 56). The famous Potato famine in Ireland was also another factor that pushed these groups to migrate to the United States for greener pastures. Due to the economic depression accompanied by religious intolerance in Germany, many Catholics were obliged to migrate (Chang 124). The immigration of Europeans to the United States was of great benefit it spurred economic growth. To start with, due to rapid industrialization, there was the need for cheap labor. Second, the United States began claiming land from the Spanish and the Northern America native people. Nevertheless, the populous immigration was a threat to certain groups of people as it was deemed to tamper with the peace and harmony of the citizens (Herron 307). Europeans remarkably made up the majority of migrants during the end of the twentieth century. However, this changed in the late twentieth century, when they were replaced by migrants from Latin America and Asia (Chang, 411). A bulk of them came from Mexico, Philippines, China, Vietnam, Korean, India, and the Dominican Republic. Population growth and industrialization are the convulsive demographic and economic factors that attracted migrants to America: the land of opportunity and freedom (Chang, 411). Immigrants in the past and present have contributed to the American economy in different perspectives. However, it is evident that they have played a critical role in shaping the destiny of the country. No doubt, America will continue to grow, demand and attract the strong willing unskilled laborers for many years to come (Chang, 411). With increased numbers of immigrants between 1860 and 1915, conflict arose due to competition for resources. It became necessary to regulate the

Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research - Assignment Example adults, the current trend on the progression in lung cancer among the U.S adults, the relevance of smoking among the above mention group, the effect of passive smoking among the U.S. adults etc. The several study reported under this category also included the effect of long term assessment of these factors. The important journals that have reported the relevant articles for the research question proposed here are Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Lung Cancer, Clinics in Chest Medicine, Journal of Adolescent Health, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Social Science & Medicine, Health Psychology and Preventive Medicine. The search strategy adopted to locate the relevant articles is by using an appropriate search tag like "smoking + lung cancer + U.S. Adults" within each of the journals listed earlier. About 1109 journal articles were located in the database in the initial search effort. Further refinement of the search using appropriate fields gave the total number of articles as 78.

Visual Analysis and critical reflection Research Paper

Visual Analysis and critical reflection - Research Paper Example At the age of 16 he won a street painting competition that he entered into. He believes he is an autodidact who learns by doing. He has studied the techniques of old masters of street painting and started to make it his profession. Today he is a street painter and does not paint conventionally anymore. His early paintings led him to the title ‘maestro madonnari’ which means master street painter, and these paintings were mostly two-dimensional. As the street art developed, the three dimensional paintings came into effect. Muller first painted in 3D on a client’s car. He was eventually inspired by the ideas of Julian Beever and Kurt Wenner. He started painting illusion in 3D street paintings and his skills and drawing techniques made him the best in the world (WebUrbanist, 2013). Lava burst (Bored Panda, 2013) Mueller uses the street as his canvas and literally involves the viewers to the imagery. He uses hundreds of square meters of the pavement and paints to chal lenge the perceptions of the street walkers. This 3D painting of a lava burst was painted by Mueller on the 30th anniversary of international competition of street painters held in Geldern, Germany. He painted a large sized picture once more and created scenery which appeared apocalyptic. Mueller was 25 years old when he had given his entire life to street painting. He made several paintings all around Europe and aimed to earn through the transitory art. He became an organizer and committee member for street painting festivals and also set up the Internet board for street painters of Germany. This was a forum which promoted the solidarity amongst the various German street painters. He also presented the master works of old painters to people in his studio and drew perfect copied of those paintings. With the help of the old painters’ works, Mueller helped the ones interested in paintings to understand the depth of the art. Ice Age (Bored Panda, 2013) This is one of the best wo rks of Mueller and was completed in 5 days. It is a huge picture of the ice age and shows creative illusion. He needed about five assistants who helped him all day long in painting the huge painting. The illusion was painted by the application of the anamorphic technique to the huge pavement. The picture is approximately 250 square meters large. This was the most challenging painting made by Mueller and it was created for the Festival of World Culture in Ireland (2008). This painting was the most challenging one for Mueller because of the weather conditions of Ireland. Ireland’s weather often fluctuates and usually there are four seasons felt in one day. Sunshine, hailstorm and rain all were experienced within few hours. Mueller and his team of assistants did not think that they would get through with the painting, but they accepted the challenge and completed it. The street painters often face the difficulties with coping with weather conditions because all of their work is out on the streets. Rain is usually the biggest element to fight as the use of paints and chalks is done for these paintings. If the rain spoiled the painting overnight, Mueller would usually start a new one. Hence the weather issues are not a problem for Mueller as he says â€Å"once a painting is done, I somehow lose interest in it. It’s done and for me it is up to go for the next† (WebUrbanist, 2013). Gradually the changing trends have also redirected the interest of Mueller in his paintings. Thus he has

Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research - Assignment Example adults, the current trend on the progression in lung cancer among the U.S adults, the relevance of smoking among the above mention group, the effect of passive smoking among the U.S. adults etc. The several study reported under this category also included the effect of long term assessment of these factors. The important journals that have reported the relevant articles for the research question proposed here are Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Lung Cancer, Clinics in Chest Medicine, Journal of Adolescent Health, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Social Science & Medicine, Health Psychology and Preventive Medicine. The search strategy adopted to locate the relevant articles is by using an appropriate search tag like "smoking + lung cancer + U.S. Adults" within each of the journals listed earlier. About 1109 journal articles were located in the database in the initial search effort. Further refinement of the search using appropriate fields gave the total number of articles as 78.

Jackson Pollock and Modern Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jackson Pollock and Modern Art - Essay Example The essay "Jackson Pollock and Modern Art" explores the art of Jackson Pollock and his impact in the context of Modern Art. He was â€Å"a roughshod, ill-mannered, prodigiously ambitious, aggressive, alcoholic, tormented artist .† This image is important to an interpretation of the apparently chaotic nature of much of Pollock’s works, and the technique that led to them. However, as is often the case with creative artists of all sorts, and particularly painters such as Pollock, there was a method to his madness. As Toynton has pointed out, films of Pollock creating his paintings clearly show that even the most abstract of them start as figurative works and only move into the abstract as they develop.Pollock moved his canvas from the easel to the floor, thus enabling him to work on much larger canvases with greater ease than before, and also to see them from multiple points of view. In one revealing statement he talked about his technique and why he used it: My painting d oes not come from the easel. I hardly ever stretch the canvas before painting. I prefer to tack the unstretched canvas to the hard wall or the floor. I need the resistance of a hard surface. On the floor I am more at ease. I feel nearer, more part of the painting, since this way I can walk around it, work from the four sides and literally be in the painting. It is interesting to note that Pollock takes an intense and yet casual approach to his painting. Thus the fact that he does not go through the often laborious process. of stretching the canvas before painting on it, but rather merely tacking it to a wall or floor illustrates the casual, almost primitive method of preparation. At the same time Pollock becomes more intensely involved with the painting, as if he were actually a part of it: I continue to get further away from the usual painter's tools such as easel, palette, brushes, etc. I prefer sticks, trowels, knives and dripping fluid paint or a heavy impasto with sand, broken glass or other foreign matter added. When I am in my painting, I'm not aware of what I'm doing. It is only after a sort of 'get acquainted' period that I see what I have been about. I have no fear of making changes, destroying the image, etc., because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting comes out well. (Varnedoe, 23) The idea of being "in" the painting is of course hardly new to Pollock, but the fact that his technique apparently fitted into his emotional and intellectual attachment to the painting is. His physical technique: standing on and thus within the painting, had a profound effect both upon his creations and upon generations of creative artists in general and painters in particular, for years both during and after his lifetime. Pollock hinted, although never explicitly stated, that he was influenced by Native American sand paintings, which are made by trickling thin lines of colored sand onto a flat surface. After WWII, in 1947 Pollock began what he called his "action paintings", which were at least partially informed by the surrealist ideas of "psychic automatism". This automatism was meant to be a direct expression of the unconscious. A direct expression of something which is, by definition, unknowable to the conscious mind might seem a

How to end a relationship Essay Example for Free

How to end a relationship Essay Ending a relationship is one of the hardest processes in the development of any bond between two friends. Ending a relationship especially when it is intimate is the most difficult thing to do. Starting a relationship is far much easier than bringing it to a close. Most relationships have ended in violence ( verbal and otherwise) and sometimes even in suicide or murder because most people are unable to cope with the pain associated with it. Most people would prefer suffering than parting ways with their friends or potential life partners. Before ending a relationship it is very important first to do a critical analysis of the reasons of ending the relationship and be certain that the only solution to the problems is calling it quits all together. Therefore one should think twice before making emotional decisions that will back fire much later. (Pushpa Pal Singh) After being certain of ending the relationship, it is equally important to prepare adequately of what you are going to say and the reasons of terminating it, this will help in facing the other partner who is bound to enquire of the reasons. (Pushpa Pal Singh) Ending a relationship can sometimes be dangerous and may result to physical assault, therefore you should strive as much as possible to remain calm and not let emotions drive you. (Pushpa Pal Singh) Ending a relationship also calls for the use of the right approach; this means that you should not use the phone, note or email to end it, being available physically would suffice because you would meet the other partner face to face and avoid the danger of being stalked or confronted that may result to physical attack. (Pushpa Pal Singh) Finally, as much as possible the relationship should not end on a harsh note; rather strive as much as possible to remain friends. Therefore the process should be some sort of relief for you and your partner when the relationship ends on a happy note. It is imperative to assure your partner that ending the relationship will not interfere with you remaining friends and you are going to keep in touch. (Pushpa Pal Singh) Works Cited Pushpa Pal Singh: How to end a relationship in 4 ways: Retrieved on 20th May 2008 from http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=Pushpa_Pal_Singh

Tourism Industry In Indonesia Politics Essay

Tourism Industry In Indonesia Politics Essay Unity in Diversity, is the national motto of Indonesia, is a term that strikes deep into the heart of this dynamic and attractive Southeast Asian nation. Few places offer such cultural variety and geographical complexity as Indonesia, and no two journeys here are ever alike. Location, Geography and Climate Indonesia is composed of seventeen thousand islands that stretch over five thousand miles along the equator. The Malay Peninsula and Indochina are situated to the north-west, and the continent of Australia lies due south. Northward lie the Philippines and Micronesia. The worlds largest archipelago, Indonesias constellation of islands straddles the divide between the Asian and Australian continental plates. As a result, the islands offer a stunning variety of topographies and ecologies Mist-shrouded volcanoes and mountains, unexplored rain forests, thousands of miles of beaches, and endless offshore reefs support a dazzling abundance of wildlife, making Indonesia an ideal destination for adventure and eco-travel. The great majority of the countrys constituent islands are of negligible size, but it does holdwholly or in partseveral islands that are enormous. These include Sumatra, Kalimantan (formerly Borneo, and shared with Malaysia), Sulawesi, and Java. The Indonesian state of Irian Jaya occupies the western half of New Guinea, which is the worlds second largest island (behind Greenland). The most populous of the Indonesian islands by far is Java, home to the sprawling capital city of Jakarta. Other notable islands include the exotic, popular resort island of Bali, Lombok, Catholic Flores, and Komodo, home of dragons. http://www.geographia.com/indonesia/indo2.jpg There are two discernible seasons in Indonesia: the dry season, which extends from June to October, and the rainy season, which lasts from November to March. Both are hot. The coastal regions, however, are often cool, and in the mountains the air is often chilly. Overview of the country Indonesia is one of the largest countries in south-east Asia, between the Indian ocean and the pacific ocean which contain mainly mountainous and covered with rain forests, swamps and consists over 13000 islands. Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia. Jakarta, capital of Indonesia and the countrys largest commercial center. Indonesia declared its independence on 17th august 1945 from Japan but Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. Susilo Bambang is the president and Muhammad Yusuf kalla is the vice-president of Indonesia. Bahasa is the official language in Indonesia which is modified form of Malay but the most widely spoken language is Javanese. 88% of Indonesians populations are Muslim. It has a very large trading environment, with several countries ranging in products from gas to textiles. 22% of its populations lived below poverty line. Flag of Indonesia:- http://8bahasa-indonesia-ccc.wikispaces.com/file/view/indonesia_flag.jpg/307489752/351227/indonesia_flag.jpg Demographic profile of Indonesia mhtml:file://H:FOLDER1GCRIndonesia%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.mht!http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png According to the 2010 national census, the population of Indonesia 237.6 million, with high population growth at 1.9%. 58% of the population lives on java, the worlds most populous island. Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has been in place since the 1960s, population is expected to grow to around 265 million by 2020 and 306 million by 2050. There are around 300 native ethnic group in Indonesia, and 742 different languages and dialects. Most of Indonesians are descended from Austronesia- speaking people whose languages can be traced to proto-Austronesia (PAN), which possibly originated in Taiwan. Another major grouping is Melanesians, who inhabit eastern Indonesia. The largest ethnic group is the Javanese, who comprise 42% of the population, and are politically and culturally dominant. The Sudanese, ethnic Malays, and Madurese are the largest non-Javanese groups. A sense of Indonesian nationhood exists alongside strong regional identities. Society is largely harmonious, although social, religious and ethnic tensions have triggered horrendous violence. Chinese Indonesians are an influential ethnic minority comprising 3-4% of the population. Much of the countrys privately owned commerce and wealth is Chinese-Indonesian-controlled, which has contributed to considerable resentment, and even anti-Chinese violence. The official national language is Indonesian, a form of Malay. It is based on the prestige dialect of Malay, that of the Johor-Riau Sultanate, which for centuries had been the lingua franca of the archipelago, standards of which are the official languages in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Indonesian is universally taught in schools; consequently it is spoken by nearly every Indonesian. It is the language of business, politics, national media, education, and academia. It was promoted by Indonesian nationalists in the 1920s, and declared the official language under the name Bahasa Indonesia on the proclamation of independence in 1945. Most Indonesians speak at least one of the several hundred local languages and dialects, often as their first language. Of these, Javanese is the most widely spoken as the language of the largest ethnic group. On the other hand, Papua has over 270 indigenous Papuan and Austronesia languages, in a region of about 2.7 million people. While religious freedom is stipulated in the Indonesian constitution, the government officially recognizes only six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Although it is not an Islamic state, Indonesia is the worlds most populous Muslim-majority nation, with 86.1% of Indonesians being Muslim according to the 2000 census. On 21 May 2011 the Indonesian Sunni-Shia Council (MUHSIN) was established. The council aims to hold gatherings, dialogues and social activities. It was an answer to violence committed in the name of religion. The majority of Muslims in Indonesia are Sunni. 9% of the population was Christian, 3% Hindu, and 2% Buddhist or other. Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese, and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are ethnic Chinese. Though now minority religions, Hinduism and Buddhism remain defining influences in Indonesian culture. Islam was first adopted by Indonesians in northern Sumatra in the 13th century, through the influence of traders, and became the countrys dominant religion by the 16th century. Roman Catholicism was brought to Indonesia by early Portuguese colonialists and missionaries, and the Protestant denominations are largely a result of Dutch Calvinist and Lutheran missionary efforts during the countrys colonial period. A large proportion of Indonesians-such as the Javanese abangan, Balinese Hindus, and Dayak Christians-practice a less orthodox, syncretic form of their religion, which draws on local customs and beliefs. ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF INDONESIA Indonesia has a mixed economy in which both the private sector and government play significant roles. The country is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G-20 major economies. Indonesias estimated gross domestic product (nominal), as of 2010 was US$706.73 billion with estimated nominal per capita GDP was US$3,015, and per capita GDP PPP was US$4,394 (international dollars). June 2011: At World Economic Forum on East Asia, Indonesian president said Indonesia will be in the top ten countries with the strongest economy within the next decade. The Gross domestic product (GDP) is about $1 trillion and the debt ratio to the GDP is 26%.[ The industry sector is the economys largest and accounts for 46.4% of GDP (2010), this is followed by services (37.1%) and agriculture (16.5%). However, since 2010, the service sector has employed more people than other sectors, accounting for 48.9% of the total labor force; this has been followed by agriculture (38.3%) and industry (12 .8%).[ Agriculture, however, had been the countrys largest employer for centuries Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, grew an estimated 6.1% and 6.4% in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The government made economic advances under the first administration of President YUDHOYONO (2004-09), introducing significant reforms in the financial sector, including tax and customs reforms, the use of Treasury bills, and capital market development and supervision. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth in 2009. The government has promoted fiscally conservative policies, resulting in a debt-to-GDP ratio of less than 25%, a small current account surplus, a fiscal deficit below 2%, and historically low rates of inflation. Fitch and Moodys upgraded Indonesias credit rating to investment grade in December 2011. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among r egions. The government in 2012 faces the ongoing challenge of improving Indonesias insufficient infrastructure to remove impediments to economic growth, labor unrest over wages, and reducing its fuel subsidy program in the face of rising oil prices. GDP (official exchange rate): $832.9 billion (2011 est.) GDP real growth rate: 6.5% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 39 6.2% (2010 est.) 4.6% (2009 est.) GDP per capita (PPP): $4,700 (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 157 $4,400 (2010 est.) $4,200 (2009 est.) note: data are in 2011 US dollars GDP composition by sector: Agriculture: 14.7% Industry: 47.2% Services: 38.1% (2011 est.) Industrial production growth rate: 4.1% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 78 CURRENCY c OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIES, TRADE AND COMMERCE The industries in Indonesia are classified as follows: Agriculture: With 42.1% of the total labor force engaged in agriculture, Indonesia can be rightly considered an agrarian economy. The sector contributed 14.4% to the countrys GDP in 2009. In 2006, the country yielded food crops worth 213,529,700 million rupiahs, which was 35% more than the 2003 level. Rice and coffee remains the major producer of the country, making it the worlds fourth biggest producer of these products. Textile and Apparel: The textile and apparel manufacturing industry of Indonesia ranks 14th in the world. In 2008, the value added by textiles and clothing manufacturing dropped to 1.2%. Industry was hard hit by the global recession of the late 2000s. Around 155 textile production companies went bankrupt in 2009 due to an increase in the cost of production and enormous inflow of cheap stuff from China Mining: The fall in commodity prices in 2009, due to the global economic downturn, resulted in several major mining companies putting their investment plans on hold. However, the mining industry is expected to reach US$123 billion by 2014, with yearly growth of 10%-11% from 2010 onwards. Increase in international interest can be seen in the Indonesian coal sector, after the significant number of deals that took place in the last quarter of 2009. Tourism: Tourism is among the biggest economy boosters in Indonesia. This is apparent in the fact that 6.45 million visitors came to the country in 2009, despite of hotel bombings in Jakarta. Tourism contributes 3% to the GDP of the country. The tourism growth plan for 2010 aims at 7 million foreign tourists. However, this is much lower than that of its tiny neighbor Singapore, which was visited by 9.5 million people in 2009. Other Industries: Petroleum and natural gas, footwear, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, food, etc. ECONOMIC SECTORS On 25 January 2011, after talks by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and visiting President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyuno, India and Indonesia had signed business deals worth billions of dollars and set an ambitious target of doubling trade over the next five years. Tourism wise, Indonesia is one of only 14 countries in which tourist visas prior to entry are not required in India. Indian Nationals also are issued tourist visas on arrival in Indonesia. India also has further economic ties with Indonesia through its free trade agreement with ASEAN, of which Indonesia is a member. President of Indonesia Sukarno was the first chief guest at the annual Republic day parade of India. In the year 2011 too, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyuno was the chief guest for the same. In 1998, agriculture accounted for 19.5 percent of Indonesias total GDP, industry for 45.3 percent, and services for 35.2 percent, a quite different scenario than in decades past. For the first 20 years after independence in 1945, the agricultural sector contributed more than 50 percent of the nations GDP from independence. There was little development of industry, and production per capita was no more than it had been when Indonesia was a Dutch colony. From 1965-74 there were few major industrial projects due to the still weak economy and a strategy of import substitution, which created more jobs. In the early 1970s the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) raised oil prices, greatly increasing Indonesias export income. Indonesia used this windfall, as well as profits from high prices for tropical agricultural products in the 1970s, to build heavy industries, such as steel, and advanced technologies, such as aeronautics. By the 1980s this industrialization process allowed growing industries such as steel, aluminum, and cement production to reduce the dependence of the economy on agriculture. These industries, especially the high-tech ones, met with only mixed success, and none of them generated the significant employment required by such a populous country. Agriculture and natural resources were still important to the economy, and Indonesias economy was vulnerable to frequent changes in the prices of these commodities, as well as of oil and gas. Oil earnings dropped in 1982-83 from US$18.825 billion to US$14.744 billion and kept falling over the next 2 years. Non-oil exports grew but not enough to make up for the fall in earnings. As Indonesias balance of payments became negative, the World Bank pushed Indonesia to open its markets, and beginning in the mid-1980s the government initiated reforms to boost manufactured exports in order to strengthen the economy. These measures included a currency de-valuation to help make exports competitive, export incentives, the relaxation of rules on foreign investment and trade, and an end to some monopolies, such as plastics OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS AND TRADE AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL Indonesia carries exports and imports at an international level as well. Indonesia Exports: Commodities-Oil gas, Plywood, Textiles, Rubber, Electrical appliances, etc. Indonesia Imports: Commodities-Machinery and equipment, Chemicals, Fuels, Foodstuffs, etc. FDI rules in Indonesia allow 100% FDI investment in selected areas of business only. It limits foreign direct investment to 95%, with a minimum of 5% ownership by an Indonesian. It allows FDI investment with certain conditions that stipulates the sectors which are closed to FDI investment. Trade TRADE INVESTMENT COMPLEMENTARITIES India Indonesia bilateral trade is at least two millennia old. In the ancient past, the two nations used to trade in spices, timbers, minerals, precious stones, cotton silk. In present, trade ties have not realized their true potential which can be attributed to the lack of imaginative. Planning as well as ignorance on the part of the business communities of the two countries. Now India and Indonesia are increasingly seen as emerging Asian economies. trade and investment complementary need to be comprehensively explored. As a result of the continued growth of Indias economic transaction with the ASEAN from 1970 onwards, the amount of trade grew in volume. By 1982 the ASEAN countries shared Indias export which had been 2.6 percent in 1970 had risen to 4.2 % .During the same period Indias total imports from the region had risen. PRESENT TRADE RELATIONS OF INDIA AND INDONESIA http://www.ecaii.org/images/stories/header.jpg Today, both the countries maintain cooperative and friendly relations. India and Indonesia are two of the few democracies in Asian region which can be projected as a real democracy. As fellow Asian democracies that share common values, it is natural for both countries to nurture and foster strategic alliance. Indonesia and India are member states of the G-20, the E7 (countries), the Non-aligned Movement, and the United Nations. With an expanding economy and increasingly favorable investment climate, Indonesia stands as a key economic entity in the ASEAN region. Its abundance of natural resources and a flourishing manufacturing sector have ensured a successful relationship with the booming Indian economy in areas of trade and investment. Though trade relations were formalized with the signing of a Trade Agreement in 1978, there was an absence of a forum for periodic talks between the two countries. The bilateral effort was revitalized with the first ever India-Indonesia Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) held in Yogyakarta in September 2003. The meeting resulted in the formation of an India-Indonesia Expert Working group with the primary objective of enhancing and diversifying bilateral trade and investment relations. So far, the JCM has met thrice with the most recent meeting in 2007, producing a comprehensive Plan of Action in areas comprising trade, infrastructure, and investment. This underlines the increasing political support for the bilateral process which would provide the much-needed political impetus to deepen economic relations between the two countries. Indonesia is presently Indias second-largest export market in ASEAN (second only to Singapore). India mainly exports refined petroleum products, oil seeds, chemicals and iron and steel products to Indonesia. On the other hand, it is one of Indonesias largest buyers of crude oil and further, imports its mining, petroleum and paper products. In 2006, Indias exports increased by 33.77 per cent to US$1.407 billion from US$1.052 billion in 2005. Imports on the other hand grew by 17.18 per cent in 2006 to US$3.39 billion from US$2.878 billion the previous year. The two countries intend to work towards a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with an aim to boost bilateral trade to US$10 billion by 2010. In the area of investment, there are more than twenty major Indian manufacturing joint ventures in Indonesia. Majority of these investments were undertaken in the 1970s and 80s mainly in textiles, synthetic fiber and steel industries with India being among the top 5 investors in Indonesia up to 1985. Major Indian companies that established themselves in this phase included, the Lohia Group (Indorama Synthetics), Ispat Group (Indo Ispat), Aditya Birla Group (having four units in textiles and yarns) and Tolaram Group among others. The recent upturn in the Indonesian economy and the accompanying political change has encouraged a greater emphasis on investments in new industries. There has been a distinct shift from basic raw material industries to automobiles, infrastructure, energy, and services. TVS Motors of Chennai has invested US$45 million in a motorcycle plant near Jakarta while Bajaj Auto is converting traditional three wheelers into CNG-powered ones and launched its new two wheeler model Bajaj Pulsar in the Indonesian market in November 2006. Various private entities have also made investments in areas like coal mining, plantations for bio-fuels and extraction of minerals. Along with investments in new industries, new Indian players have started making an entry into the Indonesian market. Companies like the Tata Power Company Limited and Essar Steel Limited are looking to invest in energy and steel along with public sector giants such as the National Aluminum Company Limited (NALCO), National Thermal P ower Corporation (NTPC), and Rail India Technical and Economic Services Limited (RITES). On the other hand, Indonesian investment in India is rather low and ranks 36th in the FDI inflow to India. Though there has been increasing participation by Indonesian groups especially in West Bengal, the stringent regulatory climate in India is perceived as a primary deterrent for Indonesian companies looking to invest in a big way. Limited direct flights between the two countries and restrictive visa requirements by India have further proved to be a hindrance to greater Indonesian participation in India. Recently, the two countries have been at logger heads over differences pertaining to the India-ASEAN FTA. Indonesia has been pushing for greater access of its palm oil exports to India while India wants a reworking of the negative list put forward by Indonesia. Further, at a bilateral level, there are also issues pertaining to the Indian demand for the removal of non-tariff barriers on its exports of meat and processed foods. Though India is one of the largest exporters of halal bovine meat in the world, Indonesia continues to ban Indias bovine meat and milk products on the grounds that India is not free from Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). Despite the mentioned issues between the two countries, there is optimism about the potential that exists for greater economic ties. With both countries facing daunting infrastructural and energy challenges, there is tremendous opportunity for investments on both sides. With opportunities and forum for cooperation in place, it is important that economic actors in both countries step up and work towards enhancing economic partnerships. Companies in both countries need to actualize potential synergies for their mutual benefit and ensure that attempts at cooperation are not restricted to inter-governmental meetings and commissions. PESTEL ANALYSIS of Indonesia considering the TOURISM INDUSTRY: Political analysis Indonesia is considered as Republic country. It declared its independence on 17th August 1945 from Japan so 17thAugust is the national holiday. Indonesia is legal rules and regulations are  based on Roman-Dutch law. Their  constitution has abrogated by Federal Constitution in 1949and Provisional Constitution abrogated in 1950 which restored on 5 July 1959. Political stability: In Indonesia after every five year election is being contested for president and vice president post by direct vote of the citizenry. Last time it was held on 8 July 2009 (next to  be held in July 2014) Susilo Bambang has elected as president and Muhammad Yusuf Kalla is the Vice-President. Similarly, Cabinet also appointed by the president. So for next 5 years there are more chances of stability of the government.   Indonesia is a republic with a presidential system. As a unitary state, power is concentrated in the central government. Following the resignation of President Suharto in 1998, Indonesian political and governmental structures have undergone major reforms. Four amendments to the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia have revamped the executive, judicial, and legislative branches. The president of Indonesia is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, and the director of domestic governance, policy-making, and foreign affairs. The president appoints a council of ministers, who is not required to be elected members of the legislature. The 2004 presidential election was the first in which the people directly elected the president and vice president. The president may serve a maximum of two consecutive five-year terms. The highest representative body at national level is the Peoples Consultative Assembly (MPR). Its main functions are supporting and amending the constitution, inaugurating the president, and formalizing broad outlines of state policy. It has the power to impeach the president. The MPR comprises two houses; the Peoples Representative Council (DPR), with 560 members, and the Regional Representative Council (DPD), with 132 members. The DPR passes legislation and monitors the executive branch; party-aligned members are elected for five-year terms by proportional representation. Reforms since 1998 have markedly increased the DPRs role in national governance. The DPD is a new chamber for matters of regional management. Most civil disputes appear before a State Court (Pengadilan Negeri); appeals are heard before the High Court (Pengadilan Tinggi). The Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung) is the countrys highest court, and hears final cessation appeals and conducts case reviews. Other courts include the Commercial Court, which handles bankruptcy and insolvency; a State Administrative Court (Pengadilan Tata Negara) to hear administrative law cases against the government; a Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) to hear disputes concerning legality of law, general elections, dissolution of political parties, and the scope of authority of state institutions; and a Religious Court (Pengadilan Agama) to deal with codified Sharia Law cases Political scenario will play a pivotal role in defining the flourishing of tourism in Indonesia. If there are less political conflicts then tourists all over the world will feel safe in travelling. Even after the starting of the business in Indonesia it becomes a duty to maintain the safety and health of the travelers especially those travelling through road and rail. . ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Indonesia has a mixed economy in which both the private sector and government play significant roles. The country is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the economies. Indonesias estimated gross domestic product (nominal), as of 2010 was US$706.73 billion with estimated nominal per capita GDP was US$3,015, and per capita GDP PPP was US$4,394 (international dollars).June 2011: At World Economic Forum on East Asia, Indonesian president said Indonesia will be in the top ten countries with the strongest economy within the next decade. The Gross domestic product (GDP) is about $1 trillion and the debt ratio to the GDP is 26%.[ The industry sector is the economys largest and accounts for 46.4% of GDP (2010), this is followed by services (37.1%) and agriculture (16.5%). However, since 2010, the service sector has employed more people than other sectors, accounting for 48.9% of the total labor force, this has been followed by agriculture (38.3%) and industry (12.8%).Agricul ture, however, had been the countrys largest employer for centuries. According to World Trade Organization data, Indonesia was the 27th biggest exporting country in the world in 2010, moving up three places from a year before. Indonesias main export markets (2009) are Japan (17.28%), Singapore (11.29%), the United States (10.81%), and China (7.62%). The major suppliers of imports to Indonesia are Singapore (24.96%), China (12.52%), and Japan (8.92%). In 2005, Indonesia ran a trade surplus with export revenues of US$83.64 billion and import expenditure of US$62.02 billion. The country has extensive natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper, and gold. Indonesias major imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, and foodstuffs. And the countrys major export commodities include oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, rubber, and textiles. Prime lending rate: If we talk about their commercial Bank prime lending interest rate it is quiet decent which is 6.41% and their Central bank discount rate is 10.83%. (CIA, 2009)   Business or individual tax system: Tax system has various rules and categories for example on first 25,000,000 income rate of tax is 10% then on next 25,000,000 it is 15% and on next 50,000,000 it is 30%. In the same way Income Tax on interest from Indonesian banks is fixed at a final 15% for both companies and individuals SOCIO-CULTURAL ANALYSIS Indonesia has about 300 ethnic groups, each with cultural identities developed over centuries, and influenced by Indian, Arabic, Chinese, and European sources. Traditional Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology, as do wayang kulit (shadow puppet) performances. Textiles such as batik, ikat, ulos and songket are created across Indonesia in styles that vary by region. The most dominant influences on Indonesian architecture have traditionally been Indian; however, Chinese, Arab, and European architectural influences have been significant. Sports in Indonesia are generally male-orientated and spectator sports are often associated with illegal gambling. The most popular sports are badminton and football. Indonesian players have won the Thomas Cup (the world team championship of mens badminton) thirteen of the twenty-six times that it has been held since 1949, as well as numerous Olympic medals since the sport gained full Olympic status in 1992. Its women have won the Uber Cup, the female equivalent of the Thomas Cup, twice, in 1994 and 1996. Liga Indonesia is the countrys premier football club league. Traditional sports include sepak takraw, and bull racing in Madura. In areas with a history of tribal warfare, mock fighting contests are held, such as, caci in Flores, and pasola in Sumba. Pencak Silat is an Indonesian martial art. Indonesian cuisine varies by region and is based on Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, and Indian precedents. Rice is the main staple food and is served with side dishes of meat and vegetables. Spices (notably chili), coconut milk, fish and chicken are fundamental ingredients. Indonesian traditional music includes gamelan and keroncong. The Indonesian film industrys popularity peaked in the 1980s and dominated cinemas in Indonesia, although it declined significantly in the early 1990s. Between 2000 and 2005, the number of Indonesian films released each year has steadily increased. The oldest evidence of writing in Indonesia is a series of Sanskrit inscriptions dated to the 5th century. Important figures in modern Indonesian literature include: Dutch author Multatuli, who criticized treatment of the Indonesians under Dutch colonial rule; Sumatrans Muhammad Yamin and Hamka, who were influential pre-independence nationalist writers and politicians; and proletarian writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Indonesias most famous novelist. Many of Indonesias peoples have strongly rooted oral traditions, which help to define and preserve their cultural identities. Media freedom in Indonesia increased considerably after the end of President Suhartos rule, during which the now-defunct Ministry of Information monitored and controlled domestic media, and restricted foreign media. The TV market includes ten national commercial networks, and provincial networks that compete with public TVRI. Private radio stations carry their own news bulletins and foreign broadcasters supply programs. At a reported 25 million users in 2008, Internet usage was estimated at 12.5% in September 2009.More than 30 million cell phones are sold in Indonesia each year, and 27 percent of them are local brands. This has formed the lifestyle of the people in Indonesia. While starting a tourism business in Indonesia the attractions of the place need to be identified first. Tourists all over the world

The Sociology Analysis of Food and Food Ways Essay -- Sociology, Comme

Sociology is the study of society and people. Food and food ways are often elements associated with particular societies and therefore, studying such a topic can offer valuable insight into the ways of that society and the people who live in it. Although eating is a vital part of survival, with whom, how and where we eat are not. Studying such ways can illustrate and represent the identity of a person or group. The nature of people and their beliefs can be indicated when analysing their food habits. Who individuals eat with is a particularly revealing factor into gaining an understanding of their identity, culture and society (Scholliers P 2001). For this reason commensality is a term frequently used in sociological research concerning food and food ways. Commensality can be defined as the notion of eating with others. It is the act of two or more people consuming a meal together (Pearsall J 1999). The purpose of commensality is much more than that of allowing survival. It pushes beyond this and becomes a practice of socialisation. Anthropologist Martin Sahlins suggested that not only does it provide opportunities for people to integrate socially, but that it can be the starting factor and maintaining factor in which enables relationships to form and develop. For example, he found that at the beginning of relationship formation commensality tends to involve the sharing of drinks and snacks. As relationships develop the meals become more complex. He claimed that the traditional cooked dinner of meats and vegetables is one mainly shared among families and rarely with friends (Lupton 1996). This suggests that commensality is often used as an expression of closeness and the extent of such closeness can be discovered by looking at ... ...ldhood in Food, the Body and the Self by SAGE publications in London, England Mail Online NEWS (2010) Eating dinner at the table is 'dying out', says survey [online] available assessed 13/02/2012 Pearsall J (1999) The Concise Oxford Dictionary Tenth Edition page 286 by Oxford University Press in Oxford New York, America Scholliers P (2001) Meals, Food Narratives and Sentiments of Belonging in Past and Present and Chapter Two Commensality and Social Morphology: An Essay of Typology Claude Grignon in Food, Drink and Identity Cooking, Eating and Drinking in Europe since the middle Ages by Berg in New York, America Tapper T and Palfreyman D (2010) The Collegial Tradition in Higher Education in The Collegial Tradition in the Age of Mass Higher Education by Springer in United Kingdom

Online enhance corrective feedback for ESL learners

The purpose of the research is to look into the value of online enhanced disciplinary feedback for non-native talkers of English. It is analyzing in three countries which are the quality of their interaction online, their perceptual experiences and the rivals encountered. The research is done as when the research worker found that many foreign pupils in many western universities holding hapless linguistic communication accomplishments and experient civilization daze. Due to this job, they do non cognize what is appropriate and what is non. Hence, this probe on the value of online enhanced disciplinary feedback ( OECF ) is to develop their linguistic communication accomplishments and acquire them to socialise positively with the hosting pupils while prosecuting their academic classs. The research worker used qualitative and quantitative tools to garner informations in his survey. The Conversation Analysis and end-project study as the two chief instruments used both for NNSs and NSs. Conversation Analysis takes into history of the three facets of interaction in order to keep the quality discourse. There are ( 1 ) inductions of subjects, ( 2 ) petitions for elucidation and ( 3 ) elaborated replies to inquiries. To prolong the linguistic communication consciousness, the analysis included self-correction, blessings as preferable responses and incorporations of the corrected signifier or significance. The information collected was from hebdomad one to hebdomad eight. As for the end-project study, the research worker wants to cognize the penetrations on the value of OECF from both NNSs and NSs positions. By acquiring the topics to interact, the research worker was selected MSN courier for on-line synergistic tools as it is practical to the users. However, participants were reminded non to utilize their private electronic mails for this undertaking. Due to this, participants were given an option to open new histories on hotmail and trip new MSN courier. The participants were the international pupils from the Language Centre of the University of Dundee. They were 10 pupils from diverse background ; seven Chinese, one Italian, and two Indians. They were in-between stripling with small contact with NSs of English and had no friends as NSs to socialise with. Whereas, for the tutoring group or NS comprised of six pupils from the pupil community of the University of Dundee and four were from the university staff members. Most of the coachs were from Scotland and merely two came from the non English speech production backgrounds, nevertheless harmonizing to their bio-data that they possessed a good bid of English and understanding good of the British civilization. The processs are used by the research worker is the equal tutoring technique in which coachs are matched with NNSs. Both are interacting utilizing the online MSN courier in turn-taking. They are showing their thoughts and positions like inquiring inquiry, supply information and so on as though they are prosecuting in speaking but in other manner they are pass oning by typing the message online. In a conversation analysis, participants are identified for their linguistic communication consciousness such as middlemans are acquiring feedback for their grammatical and semantic inaccuracies. Furthermore, in this article, OECF is adopted few schemes from negotiated significance when a societal interaction emphasized negotiated significance in a cognitive procedure ( Long, 1996 ) . NNSs have the attempt to self-correct if they are acknowledging any mistakes during the communicating. These feedbacks could help them in their academic accomplishments. NNSs would be able to pattern their Englis h of no fright to be embarrassed when there are errors because they are non talking to the NS straight but by typing the messages. For the end-project study, the research worker developed study in a signifier of questionnaire with a five point Likert graduated table runing from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree to mensurate NNSs & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢ and NSs positions and attitudes. In the inquiry, they will bespeak their degree of satisfaction by ranking it from 1 to 5 in which 5 is the highest mark. The analysis is considered in the eight-week intercession. In the survey of quality engagement, it showed that conversation was non being monopolized by the NS when NNSs were lending every bit much as their coach equals ; whereby they were given clip to believe, explicate and type their messages. NNSs were able to alter the flow of their on-line conversation by originating subjects and asked for elucidation if there was any misinterpretation occurred. However, it besides indicated that NNSs were effortless to take enterprises in altering subjects and inquiring inquiries due to their deficiency of assurance in pass oning in English, hence they anticipated the coachs to make most of altering subjects. Following, in linguistic communication consciousness survey, consequences indicated that NNSs had clip to read, reflect, memorise and spread out their English linguistic communication cognition repertory. NNSs were able to read their NS coachs & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢ posters, infusion, generate, exchange and construct significance from the reliable environment. Finally, the consequences from the end-of-semester studies showed that both NSs and NNSs had a positive experience while engaged in this undertaking. NNSs feedback on this undertaking had offered them a socially and linguistically rich environment to pattern the mark linguistic communication. Harmonizing to NNSs, the text-based communicating provided a positive impact in bettering both their authorship and reading accomplishments and besides on their speech production accomplishments. They perceived those as an effectual manner non merely to interchange thoughts and to inquire for and clear up information but besides to show and back up their points of position. Indeed, their errors were noticed and they were able to be self-corrected. Part C With respects to the IT demands in this century, the research does involvement me. However, there are pros and cons to be considered to transport out this survey. Talking about the benefits from this survey, it is appropriate method for cut downing anxiousness in pupils larning English. NNSs particularly will non experience shy or embarrass if they make errors in organizing the syntactical sentences when they are non interact face to face with the NSs. Harmonizing to the findings, it was a positive feedback from NNSs on this research undertaking. They said that it gave a good deduction in their English acquisition and bettering both their authorship and reading accomplishments so as their speech production accomplishments. However, based from my sentiment the research did non good conducted. The first ground is, by looking from the facets of experimental cogency, the findings were non valid. This is reported in this article that during the undertaking has started, there were participants drop out from the undertaking and go forthing merely five braces to go on. The consequences from the findings were merely based from the five braces alternatively of 10 braces. The trying drawing was uneffective to obtain the satisfaction analysis on this survey. Second, the research worker indicated that he is utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods in his research survey. Hence, the survey should follow with two groups.1 group which i s called the experimental group is given a intervention and 1 group which is called the control group does non have any intervention. Then, the consequences of the findings can be acceptable of whether the OECF truly run into it objectives. Third, the research worker should briefs the purposed lineation of the survey in order to acquire the good engagement from the participants. The research worker should aware of the different backgrounds of the NNSs participants to be matched with NSs coachs. I suggested that age is to see for choosing the NSs because harmonizing to the articles, there were four NS in their mid-twentiess and one in his late teens. Possibly, the research worker should see on the adulthood because I believe when younger NSs involves with the NNSs troubles in novice a conversation, therefore NSs will be easy acquire bored and they have the inclination of originating subjects that are more relevant to their age. Hence, the conversation failed to discourse efficaciousl y when NNSs will take a long clip to believe about the thoughts that they need to convey out. Harmonizing to the activities presented in the research article, I think the activities should be enriched with more reliable subjects, produce more light readings to the NNSs which related to the current issues and reading transitions that could arouse NNSs feedback immediately without hold. In add-on, to obtain more concise consequences, the period of survey analysis shall be extended to hebdomad 12 alternatively of hebdomad 8 hence legion activities could be planned. In general this research provides an chance for the higher instruction pupils to heighten their communicating accomplishments particularly in composing and talking. Beforehand, the research worker should clearly find his/her aims and what kind of research method that is applicable and appropriate for the survey. Often, we found that even though pupils had learnt English during a school clip but they were still confronting jobs to get the linguistic communication eloquence and truth. Therefore, this research undertaking is seen as the appropriate exercisings for pupils to modify their defects in English linguistic communication when they are able to show their thoughts and giving their ideas from the activities designed. They are affecting in two ways communicating in which their errors are being corrected by the experts or so called the coachs. On the manus of Malayan contexts, in order to implement this activities, the instructor shall look closely on the scholar involvements whereby the subjects to be discussed must be reliable, short and simple but is able to dispute their positions and able to promote them to do remarks. As a consequence, they learn more, understand the grammatical class in the sentences and larn new vocabulary each clip. Learning English should be merriment.