Identification of Fungi free essay sample

While the identification of bacteria relies heavily on biochemical testing, the identification of molds tends to focus on their structural features. You will examine the appearance of growing cultures of several different molds and then prepare wet mounts of each to examine microscopically. Your instructor will provide you with a ‘key’ which includes information regarding some of the more common molds. You will use this key to identify the lab isolates. You will also prepare wet mounts of a yeast culture and use the ocular micrometer of your microscope to measure these cells for comparison to bacterial cells. Part A: Molds Method: 1. Obtain an agar plate culture of an ‘unknown’ mold. All molds have been cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA). 2. Visually examine the culture. A dissecting (or stereo-) microscope may be useful for this purpose. Record:a. colour or pigmentation of the culture b. texture (powdery, viscous, etc. ) 3. Obtain a clean microscope slide and add 1-2 drops of lactophenol cotton blue (stain) to it. We will write a custom essay sample on Identification of Fungi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Obtain a short piece of cellophane tape. Be careful to touch it only at the two ends. 5. Press the ‘sticky side’ down onto the surface of the mold culture. If there are different colours present in the culture, try to ‘pick up’ a portion of each. Spores may be a different colour than the mycelia – usually darker. Remember that you want to keep the reproductive structure (the part of the mold where the spores are located) intact. 6. Place the tape ‘sticky side’ down onto the drop of lactophenol cotton blue on the microscope slide prepared in Step 3. Try to keep the tape smooth; avoid ‘wrinkles’ or folds if possible. 7. Examine the slide using the light microscope. Start by using low and medium power to locate the reproductive structures. Higher magnifications may then be used for more detailed observations. 8. Draw a diagram of the mold structure. Are the mycelia septate or non-septate? Record the stain and magnification used. 9. Consult the key provide by your instructor. Identify the possible genus (or genera) for each of the provided unknowns. Part B: Yeast Method: 1. Obtain a broth culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast). 2. Add a few drops of this culture to a clean microscope slide together with a drop or two of the lactophenol cotton blue dye. Place a cover slip over the preparation. . Examine the yeast cells using the light microscope. Can you see any budding cells? 4. Draw a diagram to illustrate the structure of a typical yeast cell. 5. Use the ocular micrometer to estimate the size of the yeast cells. Assume that the length of one ocular division is approximately 2. 5 ? m for the 40x lens and approximately 1. 0 ? m for the 100x (oil immersion) lens. Note that yeast cells are oval; as suc h, the length and width (diameter) must both be determined. Take the average of three cells. Complete the provided worksheet

Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Essays

Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Essays Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Essay Love And Frienship Book English Literature Essay Essay Once I finished of reading the books was really hard for me choose a subject to compose, notwithstanding the first things that came to my head was the frienship and love that are two of the chief facets of each books because without it both books might hold really different narratives unlike the original 1s in whom friendly relationship and love are the cardinal factors in the development of each narrative. But what is friendship? , the most acceoted reply is the 1 that appears in the lexicons and said that friendly relationship is the supportive and concerted relationship between people and involves that each portion has a common regard and respect toward the other. This natural relationship appear either in the Great Gatsby or the Motorcycle journals, but the friendly relationship is shown in different signifiers in each book because in the Great Gatsby the frienship did non look at the begiing of the narrative, due to Nick Carraway knew Gatsby subsequently in the book, but in the Motorcycle diaries the frienship appears since the book start when Ernesto andhis friend Alberto Granado decided to do a trip for Latin America. In the Motorcycle journals appears several demostrations of friendly relationship as is shown when Ernesto got the Flu and he felt realy bad, but when he was able to travell in the motorcycle Alberto took hom to the nearest infirmary that was in the town of Choele Choel ; that accion clearly demostrate that Alberto follow in some manner what Edward W. Howe said When a friend is in problem, do nt rag him by inquiring if there is anything you can make. Think up something appropriate and do it . ( 1911 ) . That stament shows what is expected that a friend must make, because a true friend is non the 1 that is with you merely when you are all right, a true friend is the 1 that is with you besides when you have some jobs, when you fell sad, when you are ill, the individual that ever say to you camon! You can make it! , that individual is a true friend as is the instance of Alberto. The relationship between Ernesto and Alberto could be classified as best friends due to a trip as the 1 that they made you merely could believe in make it with a really close friend because when you think in the possibles problems of challenges that you could happen during your trip, you know that you can number with your friend to assist you, because that is the nature of the friendly relationship the common preocupation, the invariably thought of that your friend be good, things like these the bases of the human relationships as Cicero said Friendship make prosperity more shining and lessens hardship by spliting and sharing it. ( 44 B.C ) , In the Great Gatsby friendly relationship is non every bit much of import as love but if the friendly relationship were non present actions as the reunion of Gatsby and Deisy could non be possible, this is shown when Gatsby asked Nick if he could set up a meeting with Deisy, but she do non hold to cognize that he will be at that place and Nick accepted to make it, that show that a friend ever wants the best for his/her friend. This is demostrate when Gatsby died in his funeral merely was hisa few people at that place, it was a really different scenery that Nick had imagine, because he thought that GatsbyA?s funeral was full of people due to the fact, that ever in his partys ever were present a batch of people, but it was non in that manner. That shows that money is non of import in friendly relationship because a true friend as I said earlier is non with you because you have some money or you are all right, he or she is with you because you are of import for he or she and you could be really dissatisfactory for you to turn out it for case if you have some friends with you merely because you have some money and when you run out of money they gone, until that go on you are traveling to cognize really who are you existent friends. Another impotant facet in both books is the love that in the instance of the Great Gatsby is the ground of why Gatsby act in that manner, as is show in this portion of the text: A A A A I think he half expected her to roll into one of his parties, some You see, when we left New York she was really nervous and she thought it would dark, went on Jordan, but she neer did.A Then he began inquiring people casually if they knew her, and I was the first 1 he found.A It was that dark he sent for me at his dance, and you should hold heard the luxuriant manner he worked up to it.A Of class, I instantly suggested a tiffin in New York ( Fitzgerald, 1925, page 38 ) . Gatsby had bought his house and had that pretentious life, because he wanted to catch the attending of Daisy due to he thought that if he acted in that manner it was easier for him being an good lucifer for her, but that was non at all a right pick that Gatsby made, because money is non a factor that facilitates the things in the love, because love is a thing or a feeling that you can non purchase with money, it is something that you have to contend ( being literary ) for it, you have to construct it with litle actions every twenty-four hours. However why Gatsby neer try to being closer to Deisy before he was rich? , the most likely reply is related once more with the money, he did non hold the adequate bravery to seek to won the bosom of Deisy, because he believed that if he had the money it would be easier for him. But what we are able to make for love? , some people said that we are able to make anything for love, another say that without love our life it doen non has significance in GatsbyA?s narrative is demostrated in many parts of the narrative one illustration could be the Gatsby attitudes his epicurean life but notwithstanding the most clear illustration is when Deisy ran over Myrtle Wilson and Gastby decided to take the incrimination of that: You see, when we left New York she was really nervous and she thought it would calm her to drive-and this adult female rushed out at us merely as we were go throughing a auto coming the other way.A It all happened in a minute, but it seemed to me that she wanted to talk to us, thought we were person she knew.A Well, first Daisy turned off from the adult female toward the other auto, and so she lost her nervus and turned back.A The 2nd my manus reached the wheel I felt the shock-it must hold killed her immediately. ( Fitzgerald,1925, page 73 ) That decition of Gatsby subsequently decided his fate in this instance he was murdered by the Myrtle hubby George Wilson, this in some manner reflect what Nietzsche said in his book On reading and composing : There is ever some lunacy in love. But there is besides ever some ground in lunacy , this phrase reflect in some manner what was environing GatsbyA?s head in that minute because he merely wanted that nil bad happen to Deisy, and that is oneof the points that love portion with frienship, you ever want the better for your friend or love. In the Motorcycle journals besides appears love but in different signifiers, because Ernesto loves Chichina, this relationship could even do that Ernesto stay in Miramar with his girlfriend as is shown when they stay at that place, as Ernesto said: Alberto saw the possible danger of being entirely in the roads of America, but besides Ernesto showed a immense love to his female parent for this ground he invariably wrote letters to her in wich he told her what had happen during his trip for illustration: We will go forth for Bariloche on two or three yearss and intend to go at a easy gait . Sends tonss of love to everyone and do certain you tell me whethe or non Papi is in the South. A loving clinch from your son. . ( Guevara,2004, page 51 ) In that illustration ei clearly shown that it does non count how old are us we ever have in head an strong feeling to our relations but in particular toward our female parent. Now what is the relationship between love and frienship? , what they have in common? And what are the differences between them? . Love and frienship portion something that is the importance that you assing to a individual that means that in the universe there 1000000s of people and if we nover assing an importance to a individual, they ever are traveling to be merely another people, but when you assing an particular importance to a individual in that minute that individual is non any longer merely another common individual, he or she in that minute he or she turns into an speciall one for you that could be your friend or your love. As is said in the principito : Not at all, you are like my rose. No 1 has tamed you and you have tamed no 1. That was my fox before, like a hundred 1000 others. When he bacame my friend, is now alone in the universe. ( de Saint-Exupery, 1943 ) , Love and friendly relationship are non the same thing, friendly relationship does non necessitate farther account of your actions to your friends and the key to keep it is love, but friendship respects the physical, that s the chief difference with love, because when relayed the physical barrier regard is concsider as love ( physical regard does non merely is related to sex ) .. Another difference is that you have a loving relationship with a individual individual that ever is following to you alternatively of that friendly relationship in which you can hold several people as friends. Another difference is that friendly relationship can besides be atach to the relation that people stablish with some animate beings, as a clear illustration is the relation that each individual that have a Canis familiaris stablish, because the love appears as tha base of that relationship, because each portion ever wants the best for the other. After stablish the differences and the similarities between love and frienship it is easier to calculate out wthat is the relation between them, fundamentally love is the base of the friendly relationship, but when love go beyond the friendly relationship in that minute love emerges, as the consequence of a friendly relationship in wich both had noticed that they could be something more than merely friends. When I choose these subject I thought that there are no much to compose about it but when I went deeper in both books i realized that these subjects were an essencial portion of the development of each other, and without them both narratives might hold a really different significance. Furthermore I could larn more about the differences, similarities and the relation between love and frienship, so as is shown the both books love and friendly relationship are feelings that must be present in each individual, because without them life does non has sense, as was they instance of Gatsby before he run into once more woth Deisy, he merely seek to catch the attending of her with his money, but it was non successful until he became friend of Nick and he helped him to be once more with Deisy ; this simple action of Nick shows that a friend ever want the best for the 1s that he love. So what is the relation between love an frienship the relation between them it is basicaly that one ( love ) is the base of the other ( frienship ) , but when the people go beyond that the love of friends so emerges the romantic love that is one of the purest feeling among human existences, and that sort of love is the ona that allow us to be here because were the consequence of it.

Economic Growth Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Growth - Assignment Example The per capita income of Cuba is greater than that of Brazil and that explains the reason behind high openness in Cuba as compared with Brazil. This confirms and justifies the correlation coefficient above. This pattern is experienced across most country used in the study. The coefficient 3785.376 is the constant. In interpreting the regression coefficient; an increase in per capita by one unit will result to increase in openness by 52.10041. This supports the earlier correlation results that showed that openness and per capita income exhibit a positive relation across the countries in 2005. However, the correlation and regression gives general conclusions. The fact is that several open countries have high level of income compared to their closed counterparts. Open economies have fewer difficulties in servicing external liabilities, and inadequate incentive to break a promise on external debt, hence making a turnaround in capital flows less likely. The scatter plot below also indicate a similar scenario The regression line is represented by Y=8.886187 + 0.402627X where Y is the level of domestic savings and X is the level of domestic investment. An increase in investment by investment by one unit will increase the level of domestic savings by 0.402627 units. The correlation and regression results show the general relationship that can be deduced from the analysis of the available data. However, some specific relationship can be also be deduced from the data. Out of 110 countries that had no domestic investment, 63 of them had no domestic savings. For example, Liberia, Libya, St. Lucia, Liechtenstein among others had no domestic levels in 2005, and their resultant domestic savings were also zero. However, some countries like Kuwait had zero domestic investment with 57.04595947 savings rate. This shows that domestic savings are not solely influenced by the level of domestic investments in the economy but other factors such as government

The music of Stravinsky Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The music of Stravinsky - Term Paper Example Due to the University’s closure following a bloody Sunday, he could not take his final exams and could only receive a diploma. As a result he chose to consntrate in music and was taught private lessons on music by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov who almost acted like his second father. Stravisky got married to Katerina Nossenko, his cousin and despite the Orthordox church’s opposition on such marriages, they finaly managed to tie the not on January 23, 1906. Thye gave birth to four kids that is Fyodor born in 1907, Ludmilla born in 1908, Soulima(1910) and Maria Milena(1913) according to Straus (22). By the time he finished hi studies Stravinsky was already a excellent amateur pianist and also could play along with the singer.He was also an expert in Russsian, Italian and French opera. Stravinsky’s best friend was Stephan Mitusov who was a step son of a prince and who helped him advance his career in music. Mitusov would translate French poems and Stravinsky would make mu sic from them. The idea of objectivity is a central theme both in life and in compositions of Stranvinsky.Stranvinsky grew up I environment where he was exposed to music, literature and art given that his father was a known operatic bass.At the age of nine Stravinsky started his piano classes and he studied counterpoint as well as music theory. Rimsky adviced him to compose on his own and gave him composition and orchestra lessons, which helped him, begin his career in music composition. ... The aggressive rythms, abrasive harmonies and the shifting meters he applied in this ballet on ritual pagan sacrifice remained in the memories of many listeners. This became Stravinsky’s first work which permanently placed him at the international repertory. The World War 1 totally disrupted Strvinsky life hence his compositions were disrupted. However, he continued with his compositions but did it smaller scale productions. After the war, he settled in France and his style of composition started to change as now he was inspired by eighteenth century music of Europe. For thirty years he composed using neo-classical style during which he experienced a spiritual transformation which encouraged him to compose liturgical and sacred works. By the time he was in his thirties, Stravinsky found that his music was mostly demanded in the US.At the same period he had lost his mother, daughter and wife in a span of two years. While in Eurpoe, due to condition of war, Stravinsky could not compose held the position of the chairperson of poetry in Harvard. He later married his mistress, Vera de Bosset who he had dated for a long time. They settled in Hollyhood where he started to compose The Rake’s progress. While he was still composing The Rake’s Progress, he came across Robert Craft who later became Stravinsky’s musical aide.This relationship was significant as Craft managed to encourage Stravinsky to create interest in twelve-one techniques which he initially disliked. They also manage to publish co-authored books ewhich explored the musical views of Stranvisky.After completing the Rakes Progress his music compositions took another form which resulted from intergrating the twelve-one techniques in his language of composition. Through this

Establishing a Formal Systems Development Process Essay

Establishing a Formal Systems Development Process - Essay Example Jane being the first ever process manager she is among the top level members who contribute on the kind of systems to implement. However, the development analysts have a different opinion from the process manager. This paper will evaluate the kind of behaviour and reaction that Jane should pose though she is not agreeing with the develop systems to be implemented. One major trait of a major is flexibility; this means that Jane being a manager she should consider the entire organisation employees rather than focus on an individual. Considering that the entire organisation is comfortable with the system development approach; Jane could try and fit in the shoes of the entire organisation (Beardwell, I.; Holden, L, 2010). Jane can take personal development and training sections to try and understand every system development approach. These will her to evaluate every system and come up with positive feedback on each. Understanding all the systems will help to make a solid decision on what is favourable of the organisation rather than considering an individual. Jane should practice a democratic leadership approach in the organization in order to give employees an opportunity to choose what they feel is best for the company (Campbell & Giles, 2010). Jane should also consider that she is the process manager; and managers take risks for the benefit of the organisation. However, the proposed approach does not promise a risk free implementation. This means that there various factors that one need to consider in order to develop a system (Purcell, Kinnie, Swart, & Rayton, 2009). As a process manager there are factors that one needs to consider in case of changes or solutions to any problems. According the company’s report Jane wants to change the organization process to a formal approach. However, there are factors that need to be considered in order to be successful

Factors Influencing Airline Industry Performance In Europe Tourism Essay

Factors Influencing Airline Industry Performance In Europe Tourism Essay The airline transportation industry started in Europe with KLM the Netherland national airline which was founded on 7 October 1919, making it the oldest carrier in the world and the company is still operating under its original name, although the company stopped operating during the Second World War apart from the operations in the Dutch Antilles in the Caribbean. The first KLM flight was on 17 May 1920, from Croydon Airport, London to Amsterdam carrying two British journalists and a number of newspapers.  [1]  The European airline sector has historically been dominated by national flag carriers who together account for over 70% of civilian passenger traffic. These airlines came up after the Second World War and were state-owned or state-sponsored. Examples include British Airways, Lufthansa, Swiss International Airline, SN Brussels, Alitalia, Iberia, Air France KLM and many others which are still the major airlines carrier in Europe today.(Debarshi Datta and Subham L. Chakravar ty, 2006)  [2]  We cannot talk about the airline industry without mentioning the IATA (International Air Transport Association). IATA is an international trade body, created in 1944 by a group of airlines. Today, IATA represents some 230 airlines comprising 93% of scheduled  international air traffic. The organization role is also to represents, leads and serves the airline industry in general. All the rules and regulation in the airline industry are set by IATA. The main aim of IATA is to provide safe and secure transportation to the passengers.  [3]   Over the years, the airline industry has grown from an experimental mode of transportation to a major part of the worlds transportation system, carrying an estimated 1.5 billion passengers annually. Airline industry today is facing multiple difficulties and most of the traditional airlines today are having losses. IATA said airlines Carriers have suffered losses of $50bn over the past 10 years, and still face a series of risks which are the factors that directly causes these bad performances. We have identified those factors in the European airline industry ranging from international financial crisis, terrorism threats, alternative transport mode, foreign competition fuel cost fluctuation to the presence of low cost carrier. Fuel cost fluctuation Today airlines companies face many problems there are many factors that contribute to these problems and the unstable fuel cost is one of them. The value of a barrel of oil has a direct impact on airliners within the European aviation industry. With the current political disputes in Eastern Europe between Ukrainian oil and gas company Naftohaz Ukrainy and Russian gas supplier Gazprom over natural gas supplies, numerous European countries that depend on Russian natural gas transported through Ukraine. The unrest in Nigeria with pipelines attacks, kidnapped petroleum company employees and in the Middle East with Iraq war and Iran nuclear ambitions, all this influence the oil production in these countries therefore the cost of oil is likely to rise as is the unstable nature of this resource and industry in general. According to the statistics from the General Aviation Bureau, due to the fuel price surge, the cost of fuel has accounted to 31% of the cost of major business of airline comp anies in the first half of the year 2008 from 22%. The whole airline industry has afforded additional cost expenditure of $200 million for the same period. Increases in fuel prices affect the airlines in many ways, first the cost of fuel has an obvious and direct impact on the cost of operation, and secondly fuel cost increases have repeatedly triggered economic recessions, which in turn result in a substantial decline in demand for air travel and air cargo. Fuel price increases have a particularly adverse impact on airlines because even in good time fuel costs constitute around 10% to 12% of their operating expense. Every penny increase in the price of jet fuel costs the airline industry $180 million a year.  [4]  In the absence of pricing power, the ability to pass these costs along in the form of higher airfares -these increases comes right off the bottom line of these companies.  [5]  The airlines are doing everything they can to conserve and reduce their fuel consumptio n. With the evolution of commercial aviation, airlines have insisted upon the most fuel-efficient aircraft possible and have worked with airframe and engine manufacturers to reduce fuel consumption but still the fuel price is an incontrollable factor that they have to deal with. Terrorism threats The impact of the terrorism on the Airline industry is still present few years after September 11, 2001. This continues to have a strong influence on the air travel industry. Some airlines did not survive the financial wreckage immediately after 9/11 most laid off workers, and it seemed that other terrorist plots were uncovered or thwarted in an age of security alerts.  [6]  The September 11 bombing has a very negative effect on all the airlines companies due to the fact that many people start to fear for their security, with the final result of a decline of the people wish to travel by plane and therefore airlines sales. Because of the recession in the airline industry at that time many companies have gone bankrupt.  [7]  The most recent terrorist attack in a plane was in Christmas day December 25, 2009, Oumar Farouk Abdulmutallab travelled to Amsterdam, where he boarded Northwest Airlines Flight 253 en route to Detroit, Michigan while reaching he tried to blow up the plane with and explosive but he was stopped by the passengers. This attempt shows that the terrorism threat is still present. Today, there are new security checks before boarding the latest one is the scanner. The others were implement after 9/11.Some of these check up are very outrageous Shoes and belts off, Laptops out. Hands up Standing in an especially long security queue, passing through the metal detector, dogs. All liquids, gels and aerosols must be in 100ml or smaller containers. Larger containers that are half-full or toothpaste tubes rolled up are not allowed. All liquids, gels and aerosols must be placed in a single, quart-size, zip-top, clear plastic bag. Gallon size bags or bags that are not zip-top such as fold-over sandwich bags are not allowed. Each traveler can use only one clear plastic bag.  [8]  Many others other restrictions make passengers even more uncomfortable. All this mix with the fear of a potential risk of terrorist attack in a plane because they have see n what happen before make people change their way of travelling. That is one of the reasons why there is a reduction in the flight ticket sales in European countries. Financial crisis The International Air Transport Association (IATA), which represents most of the airlines worldwide, reported in December 2008 that international air passenger traffic fell 4.6% year-over-year, and only about 74% of plane seats were sold. International air cargo volume fell an unprecedented 22.6% year-over-year, a sign of the slowdown in world trade and plummeting consumer spending.  [9]  This is the first time in memory that airlines in virtually every region of the world have been simultaneously hurt by falling ticket sales and cargo loads. The international financial crisis make a lot of company went bankrupt and the one which didnt close cut down their workforce to face multiple difficulties. Many people today spend less money for their travel and leisure time because they earn less and some family even suspend totally the travels to use the money for other purposes. People like to conserve money to cover the essentials of life such as food, shelter and family necessities. Eu rope had been hit by the crisis and millions of person lost their jobs. There has been a marked reduction in business activities and consumer spending, and this affects the airline industry, as business travel slows, and discretionary spending on leisure travel goes down. Companies such as British airways, Air France KLM, Alitalia and many others are facing financial difficulties. With millions euro of losses since 2008 company like British airways even ask the employee to work for free a week or more than that to save the company. Foreign competition Airlines is a very competitive industry most of the countries around the world have their national airline company and apart from that there are private owned Airlines all over the world. Air transport within the EU has been liberalised through three successive packages of directives and regulations. The effects of these different steps taken have been to extend the principle of the single market to air transport within the EU. The liberalisation process of the European airline market (open skies) has led to stronger competition with an increase in the supply of air transport and lower tariffs, especially on routes where airlines compete. (J.F.Pons, December 1999)  [10]  apart from this, there are others agreement that European countries had signed with Asian, African and American countries to allow their companies to operate in Europe. All these agreements make the European market the toughest in term of competition. The competitors of European companies are Singapore Airlines, Emirates, American Airline, Continental and others. But the most aggressive competitors come from the Middle Eastern airline such as Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways these two companies are not making any profit since their creation there are granted by their respective government therefore their quick expansion. Qatar Airways only operate with more 82 planes and has 220 planes in order for more than $40 billion worth and Etihad airways operate with 56 planes and has 106 planes in order the company is planning to double the number of cities Etihad services to 100 and to fly 25million passengers by 2020.  [11]  These goals will be supported by Etihads $43 billion shopping spree at the UKs Farnborough Air Show at which it purchased 55 Airbus aircraft and 45 aircraft from Boeing.  [12]  This show that the competition in the European market will be more difficult with time to come therefore the European airlines carrier must be ready to face it. Alternative transport mode The evolution of technology today brought various ways of travelling and ameliorates the existing transportation mode. There are many alternative way of travelling without taking a plane such as bus, train, boat and many others. The building of new infrastructure had reduced the travel distance. Today the main alternative transportation mode that we can consider as a potential concurrent is the high speed train with the constructions of the tunnel under Manche Sea to link Britain with mainland Europe. Eurostar (high speed train) operate this route linking London to Paris and Brussels.  [13]  The time that it takes to link London to Brussels in Belgium with the high speed train is just 1hour 51 minutes and it is two times cheaper than the flight ticket. With a multilingual staff, their aim is to offer integrated high-speed rail travel between major European cities and to compete with airlines on punctuality, environment, pricing and speed. A high-speed rail network a cross seven c ountries in Europe will soon compete with airlines as the most convenient way to travel. The intercity network will mean that a passenger will be able to hop on a train travelling from London to Frankfurt in just five hours for as little as  £69. Passengers will also be able to travel between France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Austria without leaving the ground in the year 2007 15 millions person use this train and they are planning to have more than 25 million passengers by 2010. All this level we can see that the high speed trains are serious concurrent because they are targeting airline passengers as their potential future customers.  [14]   Presence of Low Cost Carrier (LCC) Low cost carrier are those airlines which offer low fares for all the destinations where they are operating and charge for food, priority boarding, seat allocating, and baggages. This type of company lowers their operating cost. With just a single class and more seats in the plane and a multi task for example flight attendants also cleaning the aircraft or working as gate agents, simplified routes, emphasizing point-to-point transit instead of transfers at hubs. This help the company to considerably reduce it operation cost and therefore sells it flying ticket at a low price. The major low cost carriers in Europe are Ryanair, Easy jet, Germanwing and Tulfly. On March 2010, The European Low Fares Airline Association (ELFAA) announced that last year its members carried 162.5 million passengers and accounting for over 35% of scheduled intra-European Air traffic, representing an 8.7% increase on the previous year.  [15]  . A Low cost Carrier like Ryanair make a profit of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã ‚ ¬105 million at the year ended 2009 compare to British Airways a traditional airline carrier which make a loss of  £358 million at the year ended 2009.  [16]  We can see that the low cost carriers are growing very fast and they have a control over their operating cost. That is why they are the only Airlines which make benefits today although the airline industry is in crisis. Low cost carriers fares are one of the reasons why traditional airlines are facing difficulties today and these LCC are therefore attracting the passenger of the traditional carrier. Research frame work Independent variables dependent variable Fuel cost fluctuation Terrorism threats Financial crisis Foreign competition Alternative transport mode Presence of Low Cost Carrier Airline Industry performance in Europe Research objectives To examine how fuel cost fluctuation affect the airline industry performance in Europe To determine the effect of the terrorism threats on the airline industry performance in Europe To survey the impact of financial crisis on the airline industry performance in Europe To analyse how the foreign competition influence the airline industry performance in Europe To identify the alternative transport mode and his effect on the airline industry performance in Europe To understand how presence of low cost carrier impacts the airline industry performance in Europe Research methodology 1-Target respondent: our target respondent in this research will be the management people of the Airlines companies and in certain measure the customers. We choose these persons because they are the one directly concern by our research and they can give their feedback which is what we are looking at. 2- Types of data Secondary data: are information from secondary sources, it is not directly compiled by the analyst and could include published or unpublished work based on research that relies on primary sources of any material other than primary sources used to prepare a written work. Here we have to show the sources of the secondary data used in our research we exploit; Websites, Journals and books. Primary data: Are information that has been collected at first hand. Theses specifics informations are collected by the person who is doing the research. Primary data collection involves measurement of some sort, whether by taking readings off instruments, sketching, counting, or conducting interviews (using questionnaires). To interview our respondent, we will use the personal interview for the management people of the Airlines companies because they will be few and to have an accurate answer. For the customers, we will be using the telephone interview because it is the one that we will have a direct access to the customers and therefore they will be less chance of having a mistaken answer from the respondent. Our research here doesnt use primary data but this is the questionnaire that can be used when interviewing the persons involves (respondent). 3- Measurement Variables Measurement The industry performance -Passengers loading -profitability Fuel cost -World fuel price Terrorism -Number of incident and places Financial crisis -Economic data GDP Foreign competition -Number of foreign Airlines Alternative transportation -Number and types of different alternative transportation Low cost carrier -Number of Low cost carrier Time scale: Gantt chart Task Month1 Moth 2 Moth 3 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 Writing of proposal Submission of proposal Proposal defense Data collection Organization of data Analysis of data Writing of dissertation Submission of dissertation

You Don’t Know Jack: An Analysis

Euthanasia has been a debatable issue since one's perception of this idea could depend on different factors such as religion, culture, and even personal life experiences. DRP. Jack Savoring witnessed how his mother suffered in agony with her disease, describing the pain as a toothache In all your bones. Just Imagine how painful that is. At that time, he cannot do anything to alleviate the pain his mother is going through. He felt lost. That's how he felt responsible in aiding those people who are terminally ill.For him, it's not about killing someone. It's understanding that Hess patients have gone through a lot, and listening to their wish to end the pain rather than continue living but you're actually dying. Another point Is that he's doing it free of charge. He used his own resources to â€Å"help† his patients. There is no personal gain to him, but it is rather an act of service. It may not be acceptable to many but he was doing It from the standpoint of a medical person, of a son who understood what It's Like for someone to live fighting off a disease.II. â€Å"Oh, the lingering of death. What a business. Keep death alive. Hospitals don't make money otherwise. Drug companies either. If you're rich and you have the money, you can pay to die. But the poor, they can only afford to suck It out and suffer. † This quote from the movie truthfully states that the medical industry is also a business. Most people are in it to save lives or improve health. But there are others who see it as a moneymaking opportunity. To be honest, hospitals and drug companies don't make money when no one Is sick.These businesses â€Å"keep death alive†. A patient may still be alive but only because he/she Is still In the process of fighting off death. But the reality is that this person is actually dying compared to cost of us (since all of us are in one way or another living and dying at the same time). Rich people can afford the operation, treatment, hospitaliz ing bills, and drugs so their way of dying bearable compared to those who can't. Ill. â€Å"To each person, their own way of death – with dignity. † At this age, I now look at suicide as something sad and depressing.We now know for a fact that some people commit suicide because of psychological depression thinking that this Is the only way out. We feel sad for them, and think on how could the people around them possibly changed their decision. I remember years back when we hear of someone omitting suicide, one of the many things that pop out of our heads is the question â€Å"Why? ‘ Followed by a questioning thought If this person will still go to heaven because he/she lived a good life, or if he/she will go to hell because to be straight forward, it's murder of one's self.Euthanasia gives the patient liberty to decide for his/her own life. We can try, but the truth is, none of us can fully comprehend someone else's thoughts. We will never understand how a perso n feels, or how much pain they're going through so who are we to Judge? 1 OFF to use abundantly together with the freedom to decide on what to do it. It is human to choose pleasure, enjoyment, and happiness. But sometimes, life will not offer these choices. There will be pain, suffering and sadness.The movie mentioned a religious dogma that makes euthanasia unethical: â€Å"God almighty who wills us to suffer† This teaching goes against the objective of euthanasia to relive the patient pain and suffering making it morally wrong. On the contrary, God gave us the freedom to decide. It is in dying that we can union with him. The belief is that we should always let nature take it's own course V. Crime vs.. Civil Rights: â€Å"When a law is deemed immoral by you, you must disobey it. Medicine and Law are two of the most influential and powerful disciplines in the world.It is studied to help serve humanity but sometimes they clash for their arguments come from diverse objectives. Civil rights is about personal liberty-? patients have the discretion to seek suicide assistance making euthanasia a result of one's personal decision and freedom to decide for his life. But the law does not make it legal to kill someone even with the patient's consent. Dying is always easier to comprehend and acceptable if it's a natural death when no other human is held responsible.

Child Rearing in the Us and Colombia Essay

Early care-giving is a major factor for a child to feel secure to explore the world around them (Carbonell, Alzate, Bustamente & Quiceno , 2002). How different is this early care-giving between two cultures such as the United States and Colombia? This is a look at the differences and similiaries of raising girls, both born in 1988, in Colombia and the United States. Both girls were raised in nuclear families, with one older sibling, close enough in age to be a major part of each girl’s daily life. One was raised in Colombia, although she moved to the United States at the age of eleven, while the other was raised completely in the United States. Both parents of each girl were interviewed as well as the girl herself. The basic stepping stones, the times that parents love to videotape, the â€Å"baby’s first† moments all seem to happen relatively similarly in both girls. Self-reported by Paulina, was that she walked around the age of ten months. Similarly, Jane walked at the age of ten months. Both were somewhat delayed in speech, enough so to be taken to doctors. In each case, the parents were told that the child would speak if the family stopped following the non-verbal directions from the child. Paulina’s first words were â€Å"eso,† Spanish for â€Å"that,† and â€Å"Ma. † Jane’s first word was â€Å"Ah-yah† which was meant to be â€Å"Alex,† her brother’s name. Paulina stood alone at the age of eight months (personal communication with subject), as did Jane (personal communication with subject). Punishment is something all parents must figure out. Hispanics tend to mollify children and be more lenient (Figueroa-Moseley, Ramey, Keltner & Lanzi, 2006). Hispanic parents tend to try to calm their child rather than work towards developmental goals, which tend to be more valued in the United States. Neither girl was punished in the form of â€Å"grounding,† but both were warned with simple looks from their parents, such as glaring and both girls were yelled at as well. Corporal punishment was used for each girl as well. Paulina was â€Å"smacked,† and Jane was occasionally spanked. Jane would be sent to her room or made to sit in a chair as in a â€Å"Time Out,† however Paulina never experienced a â€Å"Time Out† and recollects that such a thing was not common in Colombia. Both girls were raised to speak their mind, and not wait to be spoken to, as long as what was said was respectful. Questions were welcomed by both families, but the girls were expected to know the time and place in which to ask questions. Each girl was also allowed to pick out her own clothes, which has been shown to be good for children, as children see it is important for them to make some of their own decisions, and identify with the choices (Ardila-Rey, Killen, 2001). Paulina’s mother tried to teach her what matched, but eventually gave up trying when it, although Colombian mothers tend to worry about the outward appearance of their children (Carbonell et al, 2002). When asked what Jane would choose to wear, Jane’s mother replied, â€Å"Anything that didn’t match,† although she, too, tried to teach her daughter matching. No major restrictions were set upon either girl, except to be respectful. Respect was emphasized in both situations. As respect was emphasized from child to adult, so was it shown from adult to child. Both children were kept informed of what was happening in the family. Children were expected to be a part of dinner conversation and were allowed to participate in the adults’ lives. Also, both children were given reasoning behind decisions and had things explained? â€Å"because I said so† was used only when the situation would be later explained, and the consequences of an action were described rather than a mere â€Å"don’t do it. † Chores were a part of each girl’s life as well. Both were expected to do what was asked of them to help around the house– dusting, vacuuming, clearing the table, etc. Jane was expected to help with dinner, which included getting food from the refrigerator, carrying things to the table, loading the dishwasher, setting the table, and occasionally stirring. Jane was given an allowance of approximately five dollars a week, but this was never in exchange for doing her chores. Paulina, too, was not paid for doing her chores. She states, â€Å"I was part of the family and therefore I was expected to work in the house without any sort of reward (personal communication, April 10, 2007). † Colombia tends to be a collective society that looks to the benefit of the group, rather than the individual (Pilgrim, Reuda-Riedle, 2002), which applies to this situation in that Paulina was expected to help keep the house in order, without ? payment’ because it was for the greater good of the family, being part of the group is an important aspects of a collective culture. Family relationships and interdependence? a common bond between family members, working together for the benefit of the family? tend to be much more emphasized in Hispanic cultures (Carbonell et al, 2002). A major part of any culture is food and dining, and children are a part of that. Children often lose some of their appetite between ages two and six, and because parents worry, bad food habits are put into place. Sugary foods are offered if a child finishes a meal, and many foods have vitamins and nutrients added. However iron, zinc, and calcium are seen to be deficient because juices and sodas are replacing milk, and cereals and processed foods replace fresh fruits and vegetables (Berger, 2006). It is also hard to maintain good eating habits during this age, because children often need meals to be â€Å"just right. † Children have very determined ideas for what should be eaten, how it should be eaten, and the entire situation surrounding the meal. Often times the food â€Å"required† is not healthy food, but rather sugary or similar to fast-food, like chicken nuggets or French fries. Paulina ate dinner together with her family every night, generally at eight o’clock, as is customary in Colombia. Her mother did most of the cooking, and after dinner, either her mom would not clean up, or her mother would, but with the help of her daughters, while her father did other household things. On weekends, most meals were eaten together. Breakfast was generally around ten o’clock in the morning and lunch was around three o’clock in the afternoon. Very few times, her father would cook, although he cooks more now that they live in the United States. Food was as healthy and fresh as possible. Snacks were fresh fruits, and there were never packaged foods in the house. Jane would eat dinner with her family as well, often around seven o’clock in the evening, when her father came home. She would eat breakfast and lunch with her brother until this was no longer possible because of school. Jane’s mother did most of the cooking, and the children were expected to help. Snacks were often dry cereal like Cheerios, apples, crackers, or cheese. Paulina started learning numbers and how to read and write at the age of four, when she went to preschool. The debate of how children should be taught to read can be broken into two sides; phonetics and whole language (Berger, 2006). Phonetics looks at each sound of each letter, while whole language, encouraged by Piaget, says that concentrating on the goal of fluency and communication is more important than individual words (Berger, 2006). Jane also attended a preschool at the age of four, but it was not as much structured, formal schooling. Both were taken to a part-day day-care or nursery school for the opportunity to socialize with other children. While at nursery school, Paulina was mostly made to play with toys. Jane attended a Co-op nursery school at a Unitarian Universalist church. In a Co-op nursery school parents take turns coming into the school to help supervise stations and participate in the nursery school experience. Stations were set up, such as a Reading Corner, Snacks, and a daily feature, such as tracing bodies on large sheets of paper or crafts. Co-op nursery schools are not typical in the United States, but Jane’s parents thought it was important to be involved with their children when possible and for their children to have the socialization experience. Both were read to everyday. Jane was read to a two to three times a day, for about fifteen minutes each time, but also had labels, signs, and anything printed read to her during everyday life. Jane was occasionally, but not often spoken to in â€Å"Baby Talk,† while Paulina was never spoken to in â€Å"Baby Talk,† as her parents thought speaking to her regularly would help her learn to understand. Both parents acknowledge that their children were not raised in a way that is typical to their individual cultures, and that is evident looking at the two girls in adolescence and early adulthood. Both girls realize that because their parents were stricter when they were young, that as the girls grew older; their parents didn’t need to be as strict. Each girl knew what was expected of her and was therefore given more freedom as she matured. Many times this appeared to friends as though the girl could do what she pleased, although this was not the case. The girls knew the limits of what they could do without being told. Both sets of parents relied more on their trust in their daughter than blatantly telling her what she could or could not do. Obviously, there are some differences and some similarities between raising children in Colombia versus the United States. Developmentally, the children seem to be similar, and most of the parenting is more alike than different. References Ardila-Rey, A. & Killen, M. (2001). Middle class Colombian children’s evaluations of personal, moral, and social-conventional interactions in the classroom. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25 (3), 246-255 Berger, K. (2006). The Developing Person: Through Childhood and Adolescence (7th ed. ). New York: Worth Publishers. Figueroa, C. , Ramey, C. , Keltner, B. , & Lanzi, R. (2006). Variations in Latino Parenting Practices and Their Effects on Child Cognitive Developmental Outcomes. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 28, 102-114. Pilgram, C. & Rueda-Riedle, A. (2002). The importance of social context in cross-cultural comparisions: First graders in Colombia and the United States. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 163 (3), 283- 296. Posada, G. , Jacobs, A. , Richmond, M. , Carbonell, O. , Alzate, G. , Bustamante, M. , & Quiceno, J. (2002). Maternal Caregiving and Infant Security in Two Cultures. Developmental Psychology, 38 (1), 67-78.

Hamlets Maddness Essays - Characters In Hamlet, Free Essays

Hamlet's Maddness Essays - Characters In Hamlet, Free Essays Hamlet's Maddness Hamlet appears to be insane, after Poloniuss death, in act IV scene II. There are indications, though, that persuade me to think other wise. Certainly, Hamlet has plenty of reasons to be insane at this point. His day has been hectiche finally determined Claudius had killed his father, the chance to kill Claudius confronted him, he comes very close to convincing Gertrude that Claudius killed his father, he accidentally kills Polonius, and finally the ghost of his father visits him. These situations are enough to bring Hamlet to insanity, but he remains sharp and credible. Hamlet is able to make smart remarks to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, comparing then to sponges, When he (Claudius) needs what you have gleaned, it is but squeezing you and, sponge, you shall be dry again, (pg 98, 20). This is random and unexpected, as many of his actions, but the comparison makes sense; Rosencrantz and Guildenstern soak up all the kings favors, only to become dry again after they mop up the Kings mess (spying on Hamlet, and getting Poloniuss body). Later, with Claudius, Hamlet tells how lowly a king can be by saying, A man (beggar) may fish with the worm that hath eat of a king, and eat of the fish that hath fed of that worm, (pg 99, 29). This also makes sense, and is not quite as random; when Hamlet confronts Claudius, and the king asks where Polonius is, Hamlet immediatly begins the comparison by telling Claudius that Polonuis is at supper (the worms are eating him for supper, and so on). This proves that Hamlet had some kind of planning for this degrading comment , and that his thoughts are not scattered and he is able to stay focused. There is a question of what being insane really is. Since it is agreeable that Ophelia was crazy, its possible to use her as a guide to make this argument valid. Hamlet and Ophelia both shared the trait of having calculated thoughts, Ophelias singing and Hamlets verbal attacks. They also shared calmness before their deaths. But was Hamlet spraying rude remarks to everyone before he died, as Ophelia had sung floating down the river? No, in-fact Hamlet was the opposite of what he was before. If he were crazy, like Ophelia, he would have remained hectic and random up until the time of (and after) the duel. Hamlet, though, was nothe even reasoned what death for him was, finishing his question of whether life was worth living for. Hamlet can truley be seen to be sane, and not. The facts that Hamlet was smart and swift thinking, and in such a reversal of emotions (from after Polonius died) in the end, leads strongly to the opinion that Hamlet was not insane.

America and Imigration essays

America and Imigration essays When reading two articles that are decades apart, one sees that the nations, as a whole, opinion has changed about immigrants. In an article from 1905 the South wanted immigrants because they were cheap labor. Almost 80 years later, in 1983, the South had a different opinion about immigrants. In his 1905 article, Immigration and the South, Robert DeCoury Ward just begins to touch on the idea that immigrants could be bad for Americas economy. On the contrary, the 1983 article, Immigration: How Its Affecting US, James Fallows bluntly tells of immigration being harmful to the U.S. economy. When Robert DeCoury Ward wrote his article Immigration and the South, it was during a time when there was a heavy flow of immigrants to the North and the South was just beginning to receive immigrants. The North was clearly growing tired of the immigrants, yet the South welcomed them. For example, he stated, The North finds itself greatly burdened with the many problems which have grown out of, or have at least been greatly aggravated by immigration. He then goes on to say the following, The South is developing a newborn zeal for immigration. These two statements clearly show the opinions of the American people during this time in the 20th century. There are a few prime reasons for the Souths new zeal for immigration. First of all, the rapid growth of manufacturing resulted in a demand for thousands of new workmen. This was a need that the native population of America could not meet. Second, with the newly freed Negroes asking for higher wages and more vacation, landowners needed cheaper workers, which is exactly what the immigrants were. One other key reason, and maybe the one that standouts the most, is that the South had not really experienced immigration ye ...

Art of the Western World 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art of the Western World 1 - Essay Example This Aphrodite was made of marble. The two controversies surrounding these statues are the ownership of Goddess, Probably Aphrodite and Aphrodite of Knidos being the first nude statue. Both statues of Aphrodite are different, but also similarly create controversy. The two similarities of the statues are the creation date and being statues of Aphrodite. Goddess, Probably Aphrodite and Aphrodite of Knidos were both created in the 4th century.12 These two larger than life statues are of the Greek goddess, Aphrodite. Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love. She influenced many works of art, literature, and temples. The first reason for statues and literature of Aphrodite was for her worshippers.3 Just like Christians have crosses and icons, Greeks had different god and goddess icons and art. This caused both Praxiteles and the unknown sculptor to use Aphrodite as their model. Goddess, Probably Aphrodite is on display at the Getty Museum in Malibu. The statue has been damaged through the years. A hand and foot is missing, along with part of the head in the back.4 This piece of work is original. The statue was bought by Getty for 18 million dollars in 1988.5 The statue shows the wear of centuries and travel around the world. It is speculated the statue was created for an indoor temple, since the weather would have eroded the marble and limestone. However, the Greek robes and majestic face of Aphrodite can still be observed in this piece.6 The pictures of the actual statue show the blank eyes of a Greek statue. Goddess, Probably Aphrodite is a product of the Greek culture. Aphrodite of Knidos is a nude marble statue.7 This statue shows Aphrodite getting in or out of the bath. Aphrodite of Knidos was one of two statues created by Praxiteles.8 One was nude, the other was clothed. The original does not exist today.

Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Human Rights - Essay Example It has been argued that the interpretation of human rights owes too much to the Western view of rights (Bromley & Smith p 537, 2004) which is capitalist based and framed in thelight of â€Å"power, domination and subjection† (Brown et al., 2004). Other areas call upon definitions which relate to family and religious values in contrast to those of the whole nation state. This concept is also part of human rights in some Asian countries where the individual is less important than the family or religion. In some Muslim countries also, human rights operate separately and equally for both men and women (Prokhovnik p 244, 2004) Some of he most important theories and models which have been developed to account for the interactions between human rights and culture now follow. Although models are useful as a framework for manipulating the variables in postulating or explaining a theory they cannot handle the complexities required for a full understanding; theories give a fuller picture .To cosmopolitans rights are universal, and individuals as well as nation states must be able to enjoy – and distribute – the application of justice in countries outside their own state as they do within it. For cosmopolitans the international scene belongs to the public – all nations – and therefore is capable of functioning as a form of governance in its own right; this leads to the concept of a form of global order with an array of institutions which transcend states. Within this global structure is the UN Security Council.